تأثير المكاسب الاقتصادية على الأدوات الأمنية للدول الهشة: حالتي مالي والنيجر

Year 2022, , 293 - 321, 25.04.2023

Serhat Güzel , Güngör Şahin

https://doi.org/10.47932/ortetut.1248831

Abstract

في الدراسة ، سيتم تحليل دولتين في منطقة الساحل في إفريقيا ، والنيجر ومالي ، ضمن نطاق الدول الهشة. يعتبر أن البلدين اللذين نالتا استقلالهما بعد انتهاء الحرب العالمية الثانية لم يتمكنا من ترسيخ شرعيتهما بشكل فعال داخل حدودهما. تهدف الدراسة إلى الكشف عن الارتباط المتبادل بين المؤشرات الاقتصادية والأمنية لدول النيجر ومالي منذ عام 2006 وما إذا كانت المؤشرات الاقتصادية لها تأثير على الأدوات الأمنية ضمن نطاق النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها من هذا الارتباط. في الدراسة ، تم استخدام نظرية النظم العالمية لإيمانويل والرشتاين كإطار نظري. سيغطي القيد التاريخي السنوات 2006-2022 باستخدام طرق البحث النوعي في المقالة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، تم البحث في الوثائق ذات الصلة مثل مؤشرات صندوق السلام والبنك الدولي ومؤشر الإرهاب العالمي والمؤلفات. على الرغم من حقيقة أن هشاشة الدول تُقاس عمومًا باستخدام معايير مختلفة وتقليديًا ، يُنظر إلى أن المكاسب الاقتصادية لها تأثير إيجابي على كل دولة ، فقد وجد أن الرأي العام لولايتي النيجر ومالي يسير في الاتجاه المعاكس. وبالتالي فإن المكاسب الاقتصادية وحدها لن تكون كافية للحصول على عامل الأمن.

Keywords

دولة هشة, مالي, النيجر

Ekonomik Kazanımların Kırılgan Devletlerin Güvenlik Araçları Üzerindeki Etkisi: Mali ve Nijer Örnekleri

Abstract

Çalışmada Afrika’nın Sahel Bölgesi’nde bulunan iki devlet olan Nijer ve Mali’nin kırılgan devletler kapsamında analizleri yapılacaktır. İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın bitmesine müteakip bağımsızlıklarını kazanan iki ülkenin sınırları dâhilinde meşruiyetlerini etkin olarak tesis edemedikleri değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı Nijer ve Mali devletlerinin 2006 yılından itibaren ekonomik ve güvenlik indekslerinin karşılıklı olarak korelasyonu ve bu korelasyondan çıkan sonuçlar kapsamında ekonomik göstergelerin güvenlik araçları üstündeki etkisi olup olmadığını ortaya çıkarmaktır. Çalışmada teorik çerçeve olarak Immanuel Wallerstein’ın Dünya Sistemleri Teorisi’nden faydalanılmıştır. Makalede nitel araştırma yöntemleri kullanılarak, tarihsel sınırlılık 2006-2022 yılları arasını kapsayacaktır. Ayrıca Barış Fonu (Fund For Peace) indekslerinden ve Dünya Bankası ve Küresel Terörizm Endeksi gibi ilgili belgeler ile literatür taranmıştır. Devletlerin kırılganlık durumları genel olarak farklı parametreler kullanılarak ölçülmesi ve teamül olarak ekonomik kazanımların her devlet için olumlu bir etkisinin olduğu algısına rağmen çalışmada Nijer ve Mali devletlerinin genel kanının aksi yönde bir davranış gösterdiği, dolayısıyla ekonomik kazanımların güvenlik unsurunun elde edilmesi için tek başına yeterli olmayacağı bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

Kırılgan Devlet, Mali, Nijer, Güvenlik, Afrika

The Impact of Economic Gains on the Security Instruments of Fragile States: The Cases of Mali and Niger

Abstract

In the study, two states in the Sahel Region of Africa, Niger and Mali, will be analyzed within the scope of fragile states. It is considered that the two countries that gained their independence following the end of the Second World War could not effectively establish their legitimacy within their borders. The aim of the study is to reveal the mutual correlation of economic and security indexes of Niger and Mali states since 2006 and whether economic indicators have an effect on security instruments within the scope of the results obtained from this correlation. In the study, Immanuel Wallerstein's World Systems Theory was used as a theoretical framework. The historical limitation will cover the years 2006-2022 by using qualitative research methods in the article. In addition, related documents such as the Fund for Peace indexes and the World Bank and Global Terrorism Index and literature were searched. Despite the perception that states' fragility is generally measured by using different parameters and that economic gains have a positive effect for each state, it has been found in the study that the general opinion of the states of Niger and Mali behaves in the opposite direction, therefore, economic gains alone will not be sufficient to obtain the security factor.

Keywords

Fragile State, Niger, Security, Africa

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