The Symbolic Relationship between ‘Ulamā’ and ‘Umarā’ in Contemporary Saudi Arabia

Year 2021, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 23 - 46, 30.01.2021

Emine Enise Yakar , Sumeyra Yakar

https://doi.org/10.47932/ortetut.826183

Cited By: 1

Abstract

The research can be considered in the framework of legal and political anthropology and the study topic centres around the effects of an alliance between Saudi ‘ulamā’ (the religious scholars) and ’umarā’ (the political leaders) in contemporary Saudi Arabia. The objective of paper is to investigate to what extend the Wahhabī interpreted religious discourses are used to shape the political atmosphere of todays’ Kingdom. The paper will explain in more detail the continuing relationship between the ’ulamā’ and ’umarā’ in the light of the Wahhābī doctrine of siyāsa shar‘iyya (a fundamental legal doctrine that establishes the relationship between the regime and its subjects in an Islamic state), while focusing on the historical ebbs and flows between the ’ulamā’ and ’umarā’.

Keywords

Saudi Arabia, political authority (’umarā’), religious authority (‘ulamā’), Islamic law

Suudi Arabistan’daki Alim ve Yöneticiler Arasındaki Sembolik Bağlantı

Abstract

Günümüz Suudi Arabistan devletinde, ulema (dini alimler) ve umera (politik yöneticiler) arasındaki bağlantı ve bu bağlantının etkisinin araştırıldığı bu makale hukuk ve politik antropoloji alanı içerisine giren bir araştırmadır. Araştırmanın temel konusu, Vahhabi anlayışına dayanan dini yorumların, günümüz Suudi Arabistan Krallığı’ndaki politik atmosfere olan etkilerini, alim ve yöneticiler arasındaki sembolik bağlantıyla analiz ederek açıklamaktır. Çalışma, ulema ve umera arasındaki güçlü ilişkide meydana gelen olumlu ve olumsuz tarihsel dönemlere odaklanarak, Suudi Arabistan’da hâkim olan Vahhabi anlayışıyla bağlantılı siyas-i şerriyye doktrininin devlet tarafından kullanımını örneklerle göstermektedir. Suudi Arabistan’ın kendine özgü siyas-i şerriyye anlayışında yönetim, yöneten ve yönetilenler arasındaki ilişkinin kuralları İslami temeller üzerine kurulmuştur ve bu bağlamda dini otorite ile politik otorite arasında iç içe geçmiş hiyerarşik bir güç yapısı bulunmaktadır.

Keywords

Suudi Arabistan, politik otorite (’umarā’), dini otorite (‘ulamā’), İslam hukuku

العلاقة الرمزية بين العلماء والمسؤولين في المملكة العربية السعودية

Abstract

هذه المقالة تبحث في العلاقة بين العلماء )علماء الدين( والأمراء )المسؤولين السياسيين( في دولة
المملكة العربية السعودية اليوم، وتأثير هذه العلاقة. وهي دراسة تدخل في مجال القانون والأنثروبولوجيا
السياسية. الموضوع الرئيس للدراسة؛ هو شرح آثار التفسيرات الدينية القائمة على المنهج الوهابي
على المناخ السياسي في دولة المملكة العربية السعودية اليوم، من خلال تحليل العلاقة الرمزية بين
العلماء والمسؤولين. وتركز هذه الدراسة على الفترات التاريخية الإيجابية والسلبية التي تحدث في
العلاقة القوية بين العلماء والأمراء، وتوضح استخدام الدولة لعقيدة السياسة الشرعية المرتبطة بالمنهج
الوهابي السائد في المملكة العربية السعودية، لترسيخ النظام وفق السياسة الشرعية بمفهومها الخاص
بالمملكة العربية السعودية، لتستند فيه قواعد العلاقة بين الحاكم والمحكوم على الأسس الإسلامية، وفي

هذا السياق يوجد هيكل سلطة هرمي متشابك بين السلطة الدينية والسلطة السياسية.

Keywords

المملكة العربية السعودية, العمراء, العلماء, الشريعة الإسلامية

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