Prenatal Cytogenetic Abnormalities and the Correlation of Ultrasonographically Detected Fetal Anomalies

Öz

In this study, 141 amniocentesis, 9 chorionic villus and 5 fetal blood samples, which come with abnormal ultrasonography findings representing 8 years of experience in Trakya University Medical Faculty Hospital, were analyzed cytogenetically. Our aim is to determine the correlation of karyotypic abnormalities detected by ultrasonography for the detection of fetal anomalies in prenatal diagnosis.Karyotypes in metaphases obtained from amniocentesis, chorionic villus and cordocentesis samples were evaluated. For rapid diagnosis, fluorescent in situ hybridization was performed in the interphase nuclei specific to X, Y, 13,18, 21 chromosomes. Chromosome anomalies were found in 23 (14.83%) out of 155 patients referred with abnormal ultrasound findings. NT increase is the most common abnormal fetal ultrasonography finding. Two of the chromosomal anomalies were evaluated as structural chromosome analysis. Anomalies detected in the remaining 21 patients were numerical chromosome anomalies. Of these 21 numerical anomalies, 5 are trisomy 13, 3 are trisomy 18, 13 are trisomy 21. One of the 21 trisomy cases was obtained from cordocentesis material and 1 was obtained from CVS material. Our results present that the relationship between fetal chromosomal anomalies and ultrasonographic findings is significant in a high-risk population, while verifying the validity of selected ultrasonographic markers in detecting aneuploidy in the fetus.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Genetic Diagnosis
• Prenatal Diagnosis
• Ultrasonography

Prenatal Sitogenetik Anormallikler ve Ultrasonografik olarak Saptanan Fetal Anomalilerin Korelasyonu

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Trakya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi'nde 8 yıllık süreçte anormal ultrasonografi bulguları ile gelen 141 adet amniyosentez, 9 koryon villus ve 5 fetal kan örneği sitogenetik olarak analiz edilmiştir. Amacımız ultrasonografi taramasında anomali riski öngörülen gebeliklerdeki karyotipik anormalliklerin korelasyonunu belirlemekti. Amniyosentez, koryon villus ve kordosentez örnekleri ile yapılan hücre kültürlerinden elde edilen karyotipler değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca hızlı tanı için interfaz nukleuslarında X,Y,13, 18,21 kromozomları için floresan insitu hibridizasyon yöntemi ile anöploidi taraması yapılmıştır. Anormal ultrasonagrafi bulgusu ile refere edilen 155 hastadan 23 tanesinde (%14.83) kromozom anomalisi saptanmıştır. NT artışı en sık tespit edilen ultasonografi bulgusuydu. Kromozom anomalilerinden 2 tanesi yapısal kromozom anomalisi olarak değerlendirildi. Geriye kalan 21 hastada saptanan anomaliler sayısal kromozom anomalisiydi. Bu 21 sayısal anomaliden 5 tanesi trizomi 13, 3 tanesi trizomi 18, 13 tanesi trizomi 21’dir. Trizomi 21 vakalarından 1 tanesi kordosentez materyalinden, 1 tanesi ise CVS materyalinden elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlarımız, yüksek riskli bir populasyonda kromozom anomalileriyle, ultrasonografik bulgular arasındaki ilişkinin anlamlı olduğunu ortaya çıkarırken, seçilen ultrasonografik belirteçlerin fetüsteki anöploidiyi saptamadaki geçerliliğini doğrulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• USG
• prenatal tanı
• sitogenetik

Kaynakça

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