Evaluation of the Proliferative Effects of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanoparticles on Leukemia Cells and Leukemia Stem Cells

Öz

Leukemia is a malignant disease that affects the bone marrow, lymphatic system, spleen, and blood-forming organs, leading to an excessive proliferation of white blood cells. Current cancer treatments are often limited by drug resistance, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies. Nanoparticles, including boron nitride (BN) nanomaterials, have shown promise in enhancing drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles (hBN NPs) on leukemia cells and leukemia stem cells to explore their potential use in leukemia treatment.: hBN NPs were synthesized and characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Leukemia cell lines (HL-60 and CCRF-CEM) and CD34+ leukemia stem cells were treated with various hBN NPs. Cell viability was assessed using MTS assays, and flow cytometry was employed to analyze the expression of leukemia surface markers. The study found that hBN NPs did not exhibit significant anticancer properties; instead, they promoted cell proliferation in leukemia cells and stem cells. The CCRF-CEM CD34+ cells showed resistance to hBN NPs treatment, which reduced the treatment's therapeutic efficacy. The lack of cytotoxicity toward healthy cells suggests potential selectivity, yet the proliferative effects on leukemia cells indicate that hBN NPs may not be suitable for leukemia treatment. hBN NPs lack therapeutic potential for leukemia due to their proliferative effects on leukemia cells. Future studies should focus on developing combination therapies and exploring hBN NPs' impact on other cell lines to identify potential synergistic strategies that could overcome resistance mechanisms in leukemia and other cancers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Leukemia
• Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanoparticles
• Cytotoxicity

Altıgen Bor Nitrür Nanopartiküllerinin Lösemi Hücreleri ve Lösemi Kök Hücreleri Üzerindeki Proliferatif Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Lösemi, kemik iliğini, lenf sistemini, dalağı ve kan oluşturan organları etkileyen ve beyaz kan hücrelerinin aşırı çoğalmasına yol açan kötü huylu bir hastalıktır. Mevcut kanser tedavileri genellikle ilaç direnciyle sınırlıdır ve bu da yeni tedavi stratejilerine olan ihtiyacı vurgulamaktadır. Bor nitrür (BN) nanomalzemeleri de dahil olmak üzere nanopartiküller, mükemmel fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri nedeniyle ilaç iletimini ve tedavi edici etkinliği artırmada umut vadetmektedir. Bu çalışma, lösemi tedavisinde potansiyel kullanımlarını araştırmak için hekzagonal bor nitrür nanopartiküllerinin (hBN NP'leri) lösemi hücreleri ve lösemi kök hücreleri üzerindeki sitotoksik etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. hBN NP'leri, X-ışını toz kırınımı (XRD), Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) ve Transmisyon Elektron Mikroskobu (TEM) kullanılarak sentezlendi ve karakterize edildi. Lösemi hücre hatları (HL-60 ve CCRF-CEM) ve CD34+ lösemi kök hücreleri çeşitli hBN NP konsantrasyonlarıyla tedavi edildi. Hücre canlılığı MTS analizleri kullanılarak değerlendirildi ve lösemi yüzey belirteçlerinin ekspresyonunu analiz etmek için akış sitometrisi kullanıldı. Çalışma, hBN NP'lerinin önemli antikanser özellikleri göstermediğini; bunun yerine lösemi hücrelerinde ve kök hücrelerinde hücre çoğalmasını teşvik ettiğini buldu. CCRF-CEM CD34+ hücreleri hBN NP tedavisine direnç gösterdi ve bu da tedavinin terapötik etkinliğini azalttı. Sağlıklı hücrelere karşı sitotoksisitenin olmaması potansiyel seçiciliği düşündürmektedir, ancak lösemi hücreleri üzerindeki çoğaltıcı etkiler hBN NP'lerinin lösemi tedavisi için uygun olmayabileceğini göstermektedir. hBN NP'leri lösemi hücreleri üzerindeki çoğaltıcı etkileri nedeniyle lösemi için terapötik potansiyele sahip değildir. Gelecekteki çalışmalar, lösemi ve diğer kanserlerde direnç mekanizmalarının üstesinden gelebilecek potansiyel sinerjistik stratejileri belirlemek için kombinasyon tedavileri geliştirmeye ve hBN NP'lerinin diğer hücre hatları üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaya odaklanmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Lösemi
• Hekzagonal Bor Nitrür Nanopartikülleri
• Sitotoksisite

Kaynakça

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