Gelişen Dünyada Güncel Sorun: Erken Ergenler İklim Değişikliğinin Farkında Mı?

Öz

İklim değişikliği, Dünya Ekonomik Forumu tarafından küresel ölçekte en önemli on krizden biri olarak belirtilir. Mevcut ölçekler, yetişkinlerdeki farkındalığı ölçerken, erken adölesanlar için geliştirilmiş bir ölçek bulunmamaktadır. Bu eksikliği gidermek amacıyla, "Erken Adölesan İklim Değişikliği Farkındalık Ölçeği" (EAİDFÖ) geliştirilmiştir. Araştırma, Türkiye'nin Edirne ilinde 10-14 yaş arasındaki bireyleri hedeflemiş (N = 7133, 25 okul) ve çok aşamalı tabakalı küme örnekleme yöntemi ile 6 okuldan 897 katılımcı seçilmiştir. Literatür ve eğitim materyalleri doğrultusunda 43 maddelik bir havuz oluşturulmuş ve içerik geçerliliği 9 uzmanın görüşleriyle değerlendirilmiştir. 21 öğrenciyle yapılan pilot çalışma, maddelerin düzenlenmesine yönelik geri bildirim sağlamıştır. Veri toplama süreci, gerekli etik onaylar alındıktan sonra gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapısal geçerlilik, Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) ile iki eşit ayı grup üzerinde değerlendirilmiş, ayrıca benzeşme ve ayrışma geçerliliği test edilmiştir. Güvenilirlik, Cronbach alfa katsayısı ile ölçülmüştür. Analizler, SPSS 22 ve R Studio’nun “lavaan” ve “semTools” paketleriyle yapılmıştır. Nihai ölçek, üç alt boyuttan (nedenler, sonuçlar, önlemler) oluşan 15 maddeden oluşmuş olup, toplam varyansın %65,53'ünü açıklamaktadır. Cronbach alfa değeri 0,92 olarak hesaplanmış ve model uyum indeksleri iyi düzeyde bulunmuştur (CMIN/DF = 2.176, RMSEA = 0.051, CFI = 0.968, TLI= 0.961, SRMR= 0.041). Beşli Likert ölçeği (1 = kesinlikle katılmıyorum, 5 = kesinlikle katılıyorum) ile puanlanan bu ölçek, 15 ile 75 arasında puan aralığı sağlar. Daha yüksek puanlar, daha yüksek farkındalık anlamına gelmektedir. Ölçeğin kültürel uyarlamalar sonrasında kullanılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İklim değişikliği
• farkındalık
• erken ergenlik
• ölçek geliştirme
• güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik.

Current Topic in Developing World: Are Early Adolescents Aware of Climate Change?

Öz

Climate change is recognized by the World Economic Forum as one of the top ten global crises. Existing scales measure awareness in adults, but there is no scale specifically developed for early adolescents. To address this gap, the "Early Adolescent Climate Change Awareness Scale" (EACCAS) was developed. The study targeted individuals aged 10–14 in Edirne, Türkiye (N = 7133, 25 schools). A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select (n=897, 6 schools). A 43-item pool was generated based on literature and educational materials, and content validity was evaluated by nine experts. Feedback from a pilot study involving 21 students was used to refine the items. Data collection proceeded after obtaining ethical approvals. Structural validity was assessed through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) on two equal subsamples, while convergent and discriminant validity were tested. Reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Analyses were conducted using SPSS 22 and R Studio’s “lavaan” and “semTools” packages. The final scale consisted of 15 items across three subdimensions—causes, consequences, and measures—explaining 65.53% of the total variance. The Cronbach's alpha value was 0.92, and model fit indices indicated a good fit (CMIN/DF = 2.176, RMSEA = 0.051, CFI = 0.968, TLI= 0.961, SRMR= 0.041). The scale, scored on a 5-point Likert system (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree), provides a range of 15–75 points. Higher scores indicate greater awareness. This scale is recommended for application in diverse populations following cultural adaptations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Climate change
• awareness
• early adolescence
• scale development
• reliability and validity.

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