Association Between Cognitive Function and Geriatric Syndromes in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Öz

This study aimed to investigate the associations between cognitive function, geriatric syndromes (such as frailty, sarcopenia, and malnutrition), functional status, and common comorbidities in community-dwelling older adults. We hypothesized that cognitive impairment is closely related to multidimensional geriatric vulnerabilities beyond chronological aging alone. In this retrospective, cross-sectional analysis, data were obtained from 278 individuals aged 60 and above who attended Istanbul Training and Research Hospital between January 2024 and January 2025. Cognitive status was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Additional assessments included the FRAIL scale, SARC-F, MNA-SF, handgrip strength, and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-SF). Biochemical markers and demographic, functional, and social parameters were also evaluated. Statistical analysis included univariate comparisons and multivariable logistic regression to determine independent predictors of cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment was present in 17.3% of participants. In univariate analyses, cognitive impairment was significantly associated with older age, lower IADL scores, higher frailty and sarcopenia risk, malnutrition, depressive symptoms, and reduced handgrip strength. However, in multivariable analysis, only older age and lower IADL scores emerged as independent predictorsSocial disengagement and hearing problems were also more common in cognitively impaired individuals. Multivariate analysis revealed that increased age and lower IADL scores were independent predictors of cognitive impairment. This study highlights that cognitive decline in older adults is not an isolated phenomenon but is deeply intertwined with functional, nutritional, and psychosocial factors. Comprehensive geriatric assessment tools should be routinely used to identify individuals at risk. Interventions that preserve daily living abilities and promote nutrition and mental well-being may help delay cognitive deterioration.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cognitive Dysfunction
• Older Adult
• Frailty
• Sarcopenia
• Instrumental Activities of Daily Living

Toplumda Yaşayan Yaşli Erişkinlerde Bilişsel İşlev, Geriatrik Sendromlar Ve Komorbiditeler Arasindaki İlişki

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, toplumda yaşayan yaşlı yetişkinlerde bilişsel işlev, geriatrik sendromlar (kırılganlık, sarkopeni ve yetersiz beslenme gibi), işlevsel durum ve yaygın komorbiditeler arasındaki ilişkileri araştırmaktı. Bilişsel bozukluğun, kronolojik yaşlanmanın ötesinde çok boyutlu geriatrik sorunlarla ilişkili olduğunu varsaydık.Bu retrospektif, kesitsel analizde, Ocak 2024 ile Ocak 2025 arasında İstanbul Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi'ne başvuran 60 yaş ve üzeri 278 kişiden veriler elde edildi. Bilişsel durum, Mini-Mental Durum İncelemesi (MMSE) kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Ek değerlendirmeler arasında FRAIL ölçeği, SARC-F, MNA-SF, el kavrama gücü ve Geriatrik Depresyon Ölçeği (GDS-SF) yer aldı. Ayrıca biyokimyasal belirteçler ve demografik, işlevsel ve sosyal parametreler de değerlendirildi. İstatistiksel analiz, bilişsel bozukluğun bağımsız öngörücülerini belirlemek için tek değişkenli karşılaştırmalar ve çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon içeriyordu.Bilişsel bozukluk katılımcıların %17,3'ünde mevcuttu ve ileri yaş, günlük yaşamın enstrümantal aktivitelerinde (EGYA) azalan bağımsızlık, daha yüksek kırılganlık ve sarkopeni riski, yetersiz beslenme, depresif semptomlar ve daha düşük el kavrama gücü ile önemli ölçüde ilişkiliydi. Sosyal ve izolasyon bsorunları da bilişsel olarak bozuk bireylerde daha yaygındı. Çok değişkenli analiz, artan yaş ve düşük EGYA puanlarının bilişsel bozukluğun bağımsız öngörücüleri olduğunu ortaya koydu.Bu çalışma, yaşlı yetişkinlerde bilişsel gerilemenin izole bir durum olmadığını, ancak işlevsel, beslenme ve psikososyal faktörlerle derinlemesine iç içe olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Risk altındaki bireyleri belirlemek için kapsamlı geriatrik değerlendirme araçları rutin olarak kullanılmalıdır. Günlük yaşam becerilerini koruyan ve beslenmeyi ve ruhsal refahı destekleyen müdahaleler bilişsel bozulmayı geciktirmeye yardımcı olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bilişsel İşlev Bozukluğu
• Yaşlı Yetişkin
• Kırılganlık
• Sarkopeni
• Enstrümantal Günlük Yaşam Akiviteleri

Kaynakça

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