Özel gereksinimli Çocukların Ebeveynlerinde Tükenmişlik, Depresyon, Anksiyete, Psikiyatrik Belirtiler ve Yaşam Kalitesi: Aile Hekimliği ile Çocuk ve Ergen Psikiyatrisi İş Birliğine Dayalı Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Öz

Özel gereksinimli bir çocuğa sahip olmak, ailelerin yaşam düzeni ve sosyal rollerinde önemli değişikliklere yol açarken ebeveynlerin psikolojik durumları aile işleyişinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışma, özel gereksinimli çocuğa sahip ebeveynlerin depresyon, anksiyete, tükenmişlik ve yaşam kalitesi düzeylerini değerlendirmek ve bu değişkenlerin sosyodemografik özelliklerle ilişkisini incelemek amacıyla planlanmıştır. Araştırma, 102 ebeveyn (%64,7 anne; %35,3 baba) ile yürütülen kesitsel bir çalışmadır. Depresyon, anksiyete, psikiyatrik belirtiler, tükenmişlik ve yaşam kalitesi sırasıyla Beck Depresyon Envanteri, Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği, Kısa Semptom Envanteri, Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği ile değerlendirilmiştir. Gruplar arası karşılaştırmalarda parametrik ve non-parametrik testler, değişkenler arası ilişkilerde korelasyon ve doğrusal regresyon analizleri kullanılmıştır. Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği puanları annelerde daha yüksekti. Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği'nde duyarsızlaşma ve kişisel başarı boyutlarında anne-baba farklılıkları saptanırken, annelerin daha yüksek kişisel başarı puanları bu boyutta daha düşük tükenmişliğe işaret etti. Kısa Semptom Envanteri depresyon ve hostilite farklılıkları Benjamini-Hochberg yanlış keşif oranı (FDR) düzeltmesi sonrasında anlamlılığını korurken, somatizasyon ve toplam semptom indeksindeki farklılıklar anlamlılığını yitirdi. Beck Depresyon Envanteri ve yaşam kalitesi alanlarında anne-baba farkı saptanmadı. Çok değişkenli doğrusal regresyonda (n=101; R²=0,501; düzeltilmiş R²=0,458; p<0,001) duygusal tükenmişlik, depresif belirti düzeyiyle bağımsız ilişkili tek değişkendi (β=0,295; p=0,001). Bulgular, psikolojik belirtiler ile tükenmişlik boyutlarının ilişkili olduğunu ve duygusal tükenmişlik ile depresif belirtiler arasındaki bağımsız ilişkinin ebeveynlerin düzenli psikososyal değerlendirilmesinin önemini desteklediğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ebeveyn tükenmişliği
• Depresyon
• Anksiyete
• Özel gereksinimli çocuk
• Yaşam kalitesi
• Cinsiyet farklılıkları

Burnout, Depression, Anxiety, Psychiatric Symptoms, and Quality of Life in Parents of Children with Special Needs: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Collaboration Between Family Medicine and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

Öz

Having a child with special needs affects families’ daily routines and social roles, while parents’ psychological well-being plays an important role in family functioning. This study aimed to evaluate depression, anxiety, burnout, and quality of life among parents of children with special needs and examine their associations with sociodemographic characteristics. This cross-sectional study included 102 parents (64.7% mothers; 35.3% fathers). Depression, anxiety, psychiatric symptoms, burnout, and quality of life were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Brief Symptom Inventory, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale, respectively. Group comparisons and relationships between variables were examined using parametric/non-parametric tests, correlation, and linear regression analyses. Beck Anxiety Inventory scores were higher among mothers. Mother–father differences were observed in the depersonalization and personal accomplishment dimensions of the Maslach Burnout Inventory; higher personal accomplishment scores among mothers indicated lower burnout in this dimension. Differences in depression and hostility on the Brief Symptom Inventory remained significant after Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction, whereas differences in somatization and the total symptom index lost significance. No mother–father differences were found in the Beck Depression Inventory or quality-of-life domains. In multivariable linear regression (n=101; R²=0.501; adjusted R²=0.458; p<0.001), emotional exhaustion was the only variable independently associated with depressive symptom levels (β=0.295; p=0.001). The findings indicate that psychological symptoms and burnout dimensions are interrelated, while the independent association between emotional exhaustion and depressive symptoms supports regular psychosocial assessment of parents.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Parental burnout
• Depression
• Anxiety
• Children with special needs
• Quality of life
• Gender differences

Kaynakça

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