Bilateral Symmetry and Interpopulation Variations in Humeral Osteometry
Öz
This study was conducted to determine the osteometric parameters in 49 (22 right, 27 left) dry adult human humeri from the Turkish population, to evaluate right-left symmetry, and to compare the findings with different populations. The parameters measured were humeral length, minimum and maximum humeral shaft diameter, epicondylar width, and trochlear width. The results showed that the mean humeral length was 30.5±2.12 cm, minimum shaft diameter was 17.9±2.04 mm, maximum shaft diameter was 28.5±3.09 mm, epicondylar width was 59.8±5.2 mm, and trochlear width was 26.8±3.11 mm. In right-left comparisons, no significant differences were found in humeral length, epicondylar width, trochlear width, and minimum shaft diameter (p>0.05), while a statistically significant asymmetry in favor of the left side was found in the maximum shaft diameter (p=0.007). Compared with the literature, humeral length was consistent with Turkish and Indian populations, while epicondylar width was significantly higher than in most studies. Trochlear width showed variability across studies. The left-side dominance in the maximum shaft diameter, contrary to expected right-side dominance, provides a unique contribution to the literature. This asymmetry likely reflects bone remodeling due to hand dominance, repetitive mechanical stress, or occupational activities. In conclusion, although the humerus generally exhibits bilateral symmetry, the maximum diaphyseal diameter shows a more plastic response to environmental factors. This study provides region-specific reference data for orthopedic surgery, forensic anthropology, and comparative interpopulation morphology research. Incorporating age, sex, and hand dominance in future studies will clarify the functional basis of the detected asymmetry.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
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Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
Ortopedi
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yayımlanma Tarihi
14 Ağustos 2026
Gönderilme Tarihi
4 Haziran 2026
Kabul Tarihi
24 Haziran 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2026 Cilt: 48 Sayı: Öğrenci Özel Sayısı 2026