Tip 1 Diabetes Mellituslu Çocuklarda Uyarılmış Potansiyellerin Eş Zamanlı Kan Şekeri, Serum ve Hücre İçi Magnezyum Düzeyleri ve Glikozillenmiş Hemoglobin İle İlişkisi
Yıl 2020,
, 325 - 333, 27.05.2020
Yasemin Karal
,
Serap Tevhide Karasalihoğlu
,
Nilda Turgut
,
Cevat Naci Öner
,
Filiz Tütüncüler
Öz
Tip
I Diabetes Mellitus çocukluk çağının ciddi komplikasyonlar ile seyreden kronik
metabolik hastalıklarından biridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Tip I Diabetes
Mellituslu çocuklarda erken dönemde santral sinir sistemi tutulumunun uyarılmış
potansiyeller aracılığıyla değerlendirilmesi ve metabolik değişikliklerle
ilişkisini saptamaktır. Çalışmaya
5-14 yaş arasında 31 Tip I Diabetes Mellituslu ve aynı yaş ve cinsiyette 35
sağlam çocuk alındı. Olgulardan 8 saat açlık sonrası HbA1c, kan şekeri, serum
ve hücre içi magnezyum düzeyleri için kan örnekleri alındı. Tüm olguların
otoskopik muayeneleri, işitme testleri ve uyarılmış potansiyel ölçümleri
yapıldı. Gruplar metabolik parametreler, diabet süresi ve uyarılmış
potansiyeller açısından karşılaştırıldı. Çalışma grubunun HbA1c ve kan şekeri
değerleri kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksek, serum Mg değerleri
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı oranda düşük saptandı (p<0.001) Diabetik grubun görsel uyarılmış
potansiyelleri ve işitsel uyarılmış potansiyellerinin anlamlı oranda bozulduğu
saptandı (p<0.05). Her iki grup arasında duyusal uyarılmış potansiyel
değerlerinde belirgin farklılık gözlenmedi (p>0.05). Diabetik gruptaki tüm bu etkilenmelerin serum
ve hücre içi magnezyumu, eş zamanlı kan şekeri, diabet süresi ve HbA1c
düzeyleri ile ilişkili olduğu bulundu (p<0.05). Çalışmamızda diabette santral sinir sistemi tutulumu uyarılmış
potansiyeller aracılığı ile gösterilebilen en erken bulgu olabileceği
saptanmıştır. Bu etkilenmenin nedenleri arasında eş zamanlı kan şekeri ve
diabetin süresi kadar glikozillenmiş hemoglobin, serum ve hücre içi magnezyum düzeyleri önemli de
önemli yer tutmaktadır. Bu nedenle uyarılmış potansiyeller ve kan magnezyum
düzeyi ölçümlerinin HbA1c, kan şekeri ölçümlerinde olduğu gibi diabetin rutin
takip programına alınması yararlı olacaktır.
Destekleyen Kurum
Herhangi bir kurum veya kuruluştan destek alınmamıştır. Çalışmanın giderleri araştırmacılar tarafından karşılanmıştır.
Teşekkür
Çalışmaya katılan tüm çocuklar ve ailelerine teşekkür ediyoruz.
Kaynakça
- 1. Pala Ö, Ünal B. Çocuk diabeti. In: Yenigün M,Ed. Her yönü ile diabetes mellitus’ta. İstanbul: Haseki Hastanesi Vakfı Yayını No:II; 1995. s.141-218.
- 2. Büyükdevrim AS. Tip-1 diabete klinik yaklaşım. In: Büyükdevrim AS (Ed.). Diabetes Mellitus I'de. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Film Merkezi ve Matbaası; 1989. s.71-99.
- 3. Svoren BM, Jospe N. Diabetes Mellitus. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St Geme JW, Schor NF, Eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 20th ed. Philadelphia: ELSEVİER; 2016. p. 2760-90.
- 4. Biessels GJ, Cristino NA, Rutten GJ, Hammers FPT, Erkelens W, Gispen WH. Neurophysiological changes in the central and peripheral nervous system of streptozotocin-diabetic rats (Course of development and effects of insulin treatment). Brain 1999; 122:757-68.
- 5. Lee SS, Han HS, Kim H. Visual-evoked potentials in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed diabetes.Turk Pediatri Ars. 2017;52(3):133-137.
- 6. Balta O, Sungur G, Yakin M, Unlu N, Balta OB, Ornek F.Pattern Visual Evoked Potential Changes in Diabetic Patients without Retinopathy.J Ophthalmol. 2017 Hindawi Article ID 8597629, 6 pages.
- 7. Radwan HM, El-Gharib AM, Erfan AA, Emara AA. Auditory brain stem response and cortical evoked potentials in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.Acta Otolaryngol. 2017; 137(5):511-515.
- 8. Joy SS, George TP, Siddiqui K. Low magnesium level as an indicator of poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients with complications.Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2019 13(2):1303-1307.
- 9. Grafton G, Bunce CM, Sheppard MC, Brown G, Baxter MA. Effect of Mg2+ on Na(+)-dependent inositol transport. Role for Mg2+ in etiology of diabetic complications. Diabetes 1992; 41(1):35-9.
- 10. Spankovich C, Long GR, Hood LJ.Early Indices of Reduced Cochlear Function in Young Adults with Type-1 Diabetes Revealed by DPOAE Fine Structure.J Am Acad Audiol 2019;30(6):459-471.
- 11. Dolev E, Tamir A, Leventon G. Is magnesium depletion the reason for ototoxicity caused by aminoglycosides? Med Hypotheses 1983; 10(4):353-8.
- 12. Rojas DR, Kuner R, Agarwal N. Metabolomic signature of type 1 diabetes-induced sensory loss and nerve damage in diabetic neuropathy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019 Jun;97(6):845-854.
- 13. Algan M, Ziegler O, Gehin P, Got I, Raspiller A, Weber M et al. Visual evoked potentials in diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 1989;12:227-9.
- 14. Pozzessere G, Rizzo PA, Vale E, Mollica MA, Meccia A, Morano S et al. Early detection of neurological involvement in type I DM and non-type I DM. Diabetes Care 1988;11: 473-80.
- 15. Akıncı A, Deda G, Karagöl U, Teziç T. Brainstem auditory evoked potential, visual evoked potential and nerve conduction velocity and their relation with HbA1c and β2 microglobulin in children with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Turkish J Ped 1994;36:279-87.
- 16. Parisi V, Uccioli L, Parisi L, Colacino G, Manni G, Menzinger G et al. Neural conduction in visual pathways in newly diagnosed IDDM patients. Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 1998; 108:490-6.
- 17. Ziegler O, Guerci B, Algan M, Lonchamp P, Weber M, Drouin P. Improved visual evoked potential latencies in poorly controlled diabetic patients after short-term strict metabolic control. Diabetes Care 1994; 17(10):1141-7.
- 18. Barros JI, Fechine FV, Montenegro Júnior RM, Vale OC, Fernandes VO, Souza MH et al.Effect of treatment with sitagliptin on somatosensory-evoked potentials and metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2014 Jun;58(4):369-76.
- 19. ZhengW, He Y, Chen L. Correlation of current perception threshold and somatosensory evoked potential in diabetes.Neurophysiol Clin. 2012 Jun;42(4):241-7.
- 20. Weihing J, Leahy N. Evoked Measurement of Auditory Sensitivity. In: Watkinson JC, Clarke RW(Eds.).Scott-Brown's Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryVolume 2: Paediatrics, The Ear, and Skull Base Surgery, Boca Raton: CRC Press 2018 ch.52, 14 pages.
- 21. Krishnappa S, Naseeruddin K. A clinical study of age related hearing loss among diabetes patients. Indian J Otol 2014;20:160-5.
- 22. Wackym PA, Linthicum FH. Diabetes mellitus and hearing loss: clinical and histopathologic relationships. Am J Otol. 1986; 7(3):176-82.
- 23. Liu DS, Gao W, Lin WW, Hao YY, Zhong LH, Li W et al.Effects of the Chinese Yi-Qi-Bu-Shen Recipe extract on brainstem auditory evoked potential in rats with diabetes.J Ethnopharmacol2011 Sep 1;137(1):414-20.
- 24. Buller N, Shvili Y, Laurian N, Laurian L, Zohar Y. Delayed brainstem auditory evoked responses in diabetic patients. J Laryngol Otol 1988; 102:857-60.
- 25. Wu HP, Guo YL, Cheng TJ, Hsu CJ. Chronological changes in compromised olivocochlear activity and the effect of insulin in diabetic Wistar rats. Hear Res. 2010 Dec 1;270(1-2):173-8.
- 26. Obrebowski A, Pruszewicz A, Gawlinski M, Swidzinski P. Electrophysiological hearing examinations in children and youngsters with insulin dependent diabetes. Otolaryngologia Polska 1999; 53(5):595-8.
- 27. Durmus C, Yetiser S, Durmus O.Auditory brainstem evoked responses in insulin-dependent (ID) and non-insulin-dependent (NID) diabetic subjects with normal hearing. Int J Audiol 2004 Jan;43(1):29-33.
- 28. Uzun N, Uluduz D, Mikla S, Aydin A. Evaluation of asymptomatic central neuropathy in type I diabetes mellitus. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 2006;46(3):131-7.
- 29. Virtaniemi J, Laakso M, Karja J, Nuutinen J, Karjalainen S. Auditory brainstem latencies in type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Am J Otolaryngol 1993; 14:413-8.
- 30. Sheibe F, Haubt H, Vlastos GA. Preventive magnesium supplement reduces ischemia-induced hearing loss and blood viscosity in the guinea pig. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2000; 257:355-61.
- 31. Kumar P, Bhargava S, Agarwal PK, Garg A, Khosla A. Association of serum magnesium with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy. J Family Med Prim Care 2019 May;8(5):1671-1677.
Evoked Potentials in Type 1 Diabetic Children and Their Relation with Synchronous Blood Glucose, Serum and İntracellular Magnesium and Glycosylated Haemoglobin Levels
Yıl 2020,
, 325 - 333, 27.05.2020
Yasemin Karal
,
Serap Tevhide Karasalihoğlu
,
Nilda Turgut
,
Cevat Naci Öner
,
Filiz Tütüncüler
Öz
Type
I Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease associated with high morbidity and
complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate central nervous system
involvement by evoked potentials in diabetic children and identify the relation
with metabolic disturbances. The
study comprised of 31 Type I diabetic children with aged 5-14 years and 35 age
and sex matched controls. Visual,
brainstem auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials, otoacoustic emissions
were recorded in all subjects. Metabolic control was evaluated in terms of
glyceamia, glycosylated haemoglobin, serum and intracellular magnesium status.
Groups were compared due to metabolic processes, disease duration and evoked
potentials. In
the diabetic group, serum glucose and HbA1c levels were higher and serum
magnesium levels were lower (p<0.001).
There were significant abnormalities in the latency values of visual evoked
potentials and brainstem auditory evoked potential waves in the diabetic group (p<0.05).
There was no statistical difference in somatosensory evoked potentials (p>0.05).
The significant difference of the evoked potentials in the diabetic groups was
highly related with HbA1c and serum and
intracellular magnesium levels as well as blood glucose levels and duration of
diabetes (p<0.05). In conclusion, central nervous system
involvement, highly related with synchronous blood glucose, glycosylated
haemoglobin, duration of diabetes, serum and intracellular magnesium levels may
be the earliest complication in diabetes mellitus that can be detected by
evoked potentials. We consider that serum and intracelluler magnesium levels
and evoked potentials will be useful in the routine follow up of diabetes
mellitus.
Kaynakça
- 1. Pala Ö, Ünal B. Çocuk diabeti. In: Yenigün M,Ed. Her yönü ile diabetes mellitus’ta. İstanbul: Haseki Hastanesi Vakfı Yayını No:II; 1995. s.141-218.
- 2. Büyükdevrim AS. Tip-1 diabete klinik yaklaşım. In: Büyükdevrim AS (Ed.). Diabetes Mellitus I'de. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Film Merkezi ve Matbaası; 1989. s.71-99.
- 3. Svoren BM, Jospe N. Diabetes Mellitus. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St Geme JW, Schor NF, Eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 20th ed. Philadelphia: ELSEVİER; 2016. p. 2760-90.
- 4. Biessels GJ, Cristino NA, Rutten GJ, Hammers FPT, Erkelens W, Gispen WH. Neurophysiological changes in the central and peripheral nervous system of streptozotocin-diabetic rats (Course of development and effects of insulin treatment). Brain 1999; 122:757-68.
- 5. Lee SS, Han HS, Kim H. Visual-evoked potentials in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed diabetes.Turk Pediatri Ars. 2017;52(3):133-137.
- 6. Balta O, Sungur G, Yakin M, Unlu N, Balta OB, Ornek F.Pattern Visual Evoked Potential Changes in Diabetic Patients without Retinopathy.J Ophthalmol. 2017 Hindawi Article ID 8597629, 6 pages.
- 7. Radwan HM, El-Gharib AM, Erfan AA, Emara AA. Auditory brain stem response and cortical evoked potentials in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.Acta Otolaryngol. 2017; 137(5):511-515.
- 8. Joy SS, George TP, Siddiqui K. Low magnesium level as an indicator of poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients with complications.Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2019 13(2):1303-1307.
- 9. Grafton G, Bunce CM, Sheppard MC, Brown G, Baxter MA. Effect of Mg2+ on Na(+)-dependent inositol transport. Role for Mg2+ in etiology of diabetic complications. Diabetes 1992; 41(1):35-9.
- 10. Spankovich C, Long GR, Hood LJ.Early Indices of Reduced Cochlear Function in Young Adults with Type-1 Diabetes Revealed by DPOAE Fine Structure.J Am Acad Audiol 2019;30(6):459-471.
- 11. Dolev E, Tamir A, Leventon G. Is magnesium depletion the reason for ototoxicity caused by aminoglycosides? Med Hypotheses 1983; 10(4):353-8.
- 12. Rojas DR, Kuner R, Agarwal N. Metabolomic signature of type 1 diabetes-induced sensory loss and nerve damage in diabetic neuropathy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019 Jun;97(6):845-854.
- 13. Algan M, Ziegler O, Gehin P, Got I, Raspiller A, Weber M et al. Visual evoked potentials in diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 1989;12:227-9.
- 14. Pozzessere G, Rizzo PA, Vale E, Mollica MA, Meccia A, Morano S et al. Early detection of neurological involvement in type I DM and non-type I DM. Diabetes Care 1988;11: 473-80.
- 15. Akıncı A, Deda G, Karagöl U, Teziç T. Brainstem auditory evoked potential, visual evoked potential and nerve conduction velocity and their relation with HbA1c and β2 microglobulin in children with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Turkish J Ped 1994;36:279-87.
- 16. Parisi V, Uccioli L, Parisi L, Colacino G, Manni G, Menzinger G et al. Neural conduction in visual pathways in newly diagnosed IDDM patients. Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 1998; 108:490-6.
- 17. Ziegler O, Guerci B, Algan M, Lonchamp P, Weber M, Drouin P. Improved visual evoked potential latencies in poorly controlled diabetic patients after short-term strict metabolic control. Diabetes Care 1994; 17(10):1141-7.
- 18. Barros JI, Fechine FV, Montenegro Júnior RM, Vale OC, Fernandes VO, Souza MH et al.Effect of treatment with sitagliptin on somatosensory-evoked potentials and metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2014 Jun;58(4):369-76.
- 19. ZhengW, He Y, Chen L. Correlation of current perception threshold and somatosensory evoked potential in diabetes.Neurophysiol Clin. 2012 Jun;42(4):241-7.
- 20. Weihing J, Leahy N. Evoked Measurement of Auditory Sensitivity. In: Watkinson JC, Clarke RW(Eds.).Scott-Brown's Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryVolume 2: Paediatrics, The Ear, and Skull Base Surgery, Boca Raton: CRC Press 2018 ch.52, 14 pages.
- 21. Krishnappa S, Naseeruddin K. A clinical study of age related hearing loss among diabetes patients. Indian J Otol 2014;20:160-5.
- 22. Wackym PA, Linthicum FH. Diabetes mellitus and hearing loss: clinical and histopathologic relationships. Am J Otol. 1986; 7(3):176-82.
- 23. Liu DS, Gao W, Lin WW, Hao YY, Zhong LH, Li W et al.Effects of the Chinese Yi-Qi-Bu-Shen Recipe extract on brainstem auditory evoked potential in rats with diabetes.J Ethnopharmacol2011 Sep 1;137(1):414-20.
- 24. Buller N, Shvili Y, Laurian N, Laurian L, Zohar Y. Delayed brainstem auditory evoked responses in diabetic patients. J Laryngol Otol 1988; 102:857-60.
- 25. Wu HP, Guo YL, Cheng TJ, Hsu CJ. Chronological changes in compromised olivocochlear activity and the effect of insulin in diabetic Wistar rats. Hear Res. 2010 Dec 1;270(1-2):173-8.
- 26. Obrebowski A, Pruszewicz A, Gawlinski M, Swidzinski P. Electrophysiological hearing examinations in children and youngsters with insulin dependent diabetes. Otolaryngologia Polska 1999; 53(5):595-8.
- 27. Durmus C, Yetiser S, Durmus O.Auditory brainstem evoked responses in insulin-dependent (ID) and non-insulin-dependent (NID) diabetic subjects with normal hearing. Int J Audiol 2004 Jan;43(1):29-33.
- 28. Uzun N, Uluduz D, Mikla S, Aydin A. Evaluation of asymptomatic central neuropathy in type I diabetes mellitus. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 2006;46(3):131-7.
- 29. Virtaniemi J, Laakso M, Karja J, Nuutinen J, Karjalainen S. Auditory brainstem latencies in type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Am J Otolaryngol 1993; 14:413-8.
- 30. Sheibe F, Haubt H, Vlastos GA. Preventive magnesium supplement reduces ischemia-induced hearing loss and blood viscosity in the guinea pig. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2000; 257:355-61.
- 31. Kumar P, Bhargava S, Agarwal PK, Garg A, Khosla A. Association of serum magnesium with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy. J Family Med Prim Care 2019 May;8(5):1671-1677.