Covid-19 Pandemisinde Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyleri, Yaşlıların Denge, Yürüme, Bilişsel Fonksiyonlar ve Covid-19 Korkusu Düzeylerini Etkiler Mi?

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı Covid-19 pandemisi sırasında yaşlıların denge, yürüme, bilişsel fonksiyonlar ve Covid-19 korkularını fiziksel aktivite düzeylerine göre karşılaştırmak ve fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ile denge, yürüme, bilişsel fonksiyonlar ve Covid-19 korkusu arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Çalışmaya katılan 40 sağlıklı yaşlı, Yaşlılar İçin Fiziksel Aktivite Ölçeği medyan puanlarına göre düşük fizksel aktivite düzeyi grubu ve yüksek fiziksel aktivite düzeyi grubu olarak iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Değerlendirme ölçeği olarak Berg Denge Ölçeği, Süreli Kalk ve Yürü Testi, 10 Metre Yürüme Testi, İz Sürme Testi ve Covid-19 Korku Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Covid-19 pandemisi sırasında daha düşük fiziksel aktivite düzeyine sahip olan yaşlıların denge, yürüme ve Covid-19 korkusu bakımından daha kötü sonuçlara sahip olduğu gözlendi. Bilişsel fonkiyonlar açısından ise gruplar arası farklılık gözlenmedi. Ayrıca, düşük fiziksel aktivite düzeyine sahip yaşlılarda, fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ile Covid-19 korkusu dışındaki diğer parametrelerle bir ilişki olduğu gözlenirken, yüksek fiziksel aktivite düzeyine sahip yaşlılarda fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ile bütün parametreler arasında bir ilişki olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Covid-19 pandemisi sırasında düşük aktivite düzeyi yaşlıların denge, yürüme ve Covid-19 korkularını olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Ayrıca, yaşlıların fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin Covid-19 korkusu ile ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fiziksel aktivite düzeyi
• denge
• yürüme
• bilişsel fonksiyonlar
• Covid-19 korkusu
• yaşlılar

Are Covid-19 Pandemic Physical Activity Levels Affect Balance, Gait, Cognitive Functions and Fear of Covid-19 of Older Adults?

Öz

The aim of this study is to compare the balance, gait, cognitive functions and fear of Covid-19 (FoC-19) in older adults according to physical activity levels (PALs) and investigate the relationship between PALs and balance, gait, cognitive functions and FoC-19 of older adults in times of Covid-19 pandemic. 40 healthy older adults were divided into two groups as low and high PALs groups according to their median score on the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly. Outcome measures included the Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go Test, 10 Meter Walk Test, Trail Making Test and the FoC-19 Scale. Older adults who have low PALs in times of Covid-19 pandemic have worse outcomes in terms of balance, gait and FoC-19. There is no difference in terms of cognitive functions. Also, there is no relationship between PALs and other parameters except FoC-19 in older adults who have low PALs and there is no relationship between PALs and other parameters in older adults who have high PALs. Low PALs in times of Covid-19 pandemic negatively affected balance, gait and FoC-19 of older adults. It is also found that PALs of older adults related with the FoC-19.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Physical activity level
• balance
• gait
• cognitive functions
• fear of Covid-19
• older adults

Kaynakça

1. 1. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, et al. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):727-733.
2. 2. García-Fernández L, Romero-Ferreiro V, López-Roldán PD, et al. Mental Health in Elderly Spanish People in Times of COVID-19 Outbreak. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2020;28(10):1040-1045.
3. 3. Ustun G. Determining depression and related factors in a society affected by COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020;30:20764020938807.
4. 4. Argan M, Pakiş Ş, Kesim Ü, et al. Flow in Home-Based Leisure During the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Case Study for People Aged 65 and Over in Turkey. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;4(1):5–17.
5. 5. Wong CH, Wong SF, Pang WS, et al. Habitual walking and its correlation to better physical function: implications for prevention of physical disability in older persons. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2003;58(6):555-60.
6. 6. Lautenschlager NT, Almeida OP, Flicker L, et al. Can physical activity improve the mental health of older adults? Ann Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2004;3(1):12.
7. 7. Dawe RJ, Leurgans SE, Yang J, et al. Association Between Quantitative Gait and Balance Measures and Total Daily Physical Activity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2018;73(5):636-642.
8. 8. Ciprandi D, Bertozzi F, Zago M, et al. Study of the association between gait variability and physical activity. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act. 2017;14:19.

9. 9. Scherder EJ, Van Paasschen J, Deijen JB, et al. Physical activity and executive functions in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment. Aging Ment Health. 2005;9(3):272-80.
10. 10. Alsalhe TA, Aljaloud SO, Chalghaf N, et al. Moderation Effect of Physical Activity on the Relationship Between Fear of COVID-19 and General Distress: A Pilot Case Study in Arabic Countries. Front Psychol. 2020;11:570085.
11. 11. Holwerda TJ, Beekman AT, Deeg DJ, et al. Increased risk of mortality associated with social isolation in older men: only when feeling lonely? Results from the Amsterdam Study of the Elderly (AMSTEL). Psychol Med. 2012;42(4):843-53.
12. 12. Banerjee D. The impact of Covid-19 pandemic on elderly mental health. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2020;35(12):1466-1467.
13. 13. Suzuki Y, Maeda N, Hirado D, et al. Physical Activity Changes and Its Risk Factors among Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Adults during the COVID-19 Epidemic: Associations with Subjective Well-Being and Health-Related Quality of Life. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(18):6591.
14. 14. World Health Organization. Global recommendations on physical activity for health [online]. [Available at https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241599979] [Accessed 08 March 2021].
15. 15. Hammami A, Harrabi B, Mohr M, et al. Physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): specific recommendations for home-based physical training. Managing Sport and Leisure. 2020;1-6.
16. 16. Duray M, Genç A. The relationship between physical fitness and falling risk and fear of falling in community-dwelling elderly people with different physical activity levels. Turk J Med Sci. 2017;47(2):455-462.
17. 17. Ayvat E, Kilinç M, Kirdi N. The Turkish version of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE): its cultural adaptation, validation, and reliability. Turk J Med Sci. 2017;47(3):908-915.
18. 18. Sahin F, Yilmaz F, Ozmaden A, et al. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Berg Balance Scale. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2008;31(1):32-7.
19. 19. Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed "Up & Go": a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991;39(2):142-8.
20. 20. Lang JT, Kassan TO, Devaney LL, et al. Test-Retest Reliability and Minimal Detectable Change for the 10-Meter Walk Test in Older Adults With Parkinson's disease. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2016;39(4):165-70.
21. 21. Voos MC, Custódio EB, Malaquias J Jr. Relationship of executive function and educational status with functional balance in older adults. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2011;34(1):11-8.
22. 22. Haktanir A, Seki T, Dilmaç B. Adaptation and evaluation of Turkish version of the fear of COVID-19 Scale. Death Stud. 2020:1-9.
23. 23. Harada K, Lee S, Lee S, et al. Objectively-measured outdoor time and physical and psychological function among older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2017;17(10):1455-1462.
24. 24. Buatois S, Gauchard GC, Aubry C, Benetos A, Perrin P. Current physical activity improves balance control during sensory conflicting conditions in older adults. Int J Sports Med. 2007;28(1):53-8.
25. 25. Cromwell RL, Newton RA. Relationship between balance and gait stability in healthy older adults. J Aging Phys Act. 2004;12(1):90-100.
26. 26. Bixby WR, Spalding TW, Haufler AJ, et al. The unique relation of physical activity to executive function in older men and women. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(8):1408-16.
27. 27. Zhu W, Wadley VG, Howard VJ, et al. Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Cognitive Function in Older Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017;49(1):47-53.
28. 28. Bourassa KJ, Memel M, Woolverton C, et al. Social participation predicts cognitive functioning in aging adults over time: comparisons with physical health, depression, and physical activity. Aging Ment Health. 2017;21(2):133-146.