Opioidler, Ağrı, Opioidlerin Suistimali ve Yanlış Kullanımı

Year 2017, Volume: 39 Issue: 3, 125 - 129, 06.09.2017

Fatma Sultan Kılıç

https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.333567

Abstract

Opioidler, gelincikgiller familyasından Papaver somniferum’dan (haşhaş
bitkisi) elde edilen, narkotik analjezikler olarak da bilinen ilaç gruplarıdır.
Güçlü ağrı kesici etkileri olması nedeniyle akut, kronik ve de kanser
ağrılarının tedavisinde kullanımları oldukça sıktır. Ancak bağımlılık yapıcı
etkileri nedeniyle tedaviye başlama sırasında ve tedavi sürecinde önemli
sorunlar ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Bu grup ilaçlar analjezik etkileri dışında
öksürük kesici ve antidiyareik olarak da kullanılmaktadır.  Opioidlerin özellikle de güçlü etkili
olanların, gittikçe artan oranda kötüye kullanımı ve yanlış kullanımı sonucunda
istenmeyen durumlarla karşılaşılabilmektedir. Ancak terminal dönem kanser
hastalarının ağrı tedavisinde yarar zarar oranlarına bakılarak kullanılmaları
gerektiği çok açıktır. Bu grup ilaçların kullanımında bağımlılık, hepatit, HIV
enfeksiyonları ve kullanılamadığı durumlarda ise oluşan yoksunluk sendromu çok
önemli bir sorun oluşturmaktadır. Son yıllarda özellikle gençlerde ve
mahkumlarda suiistimalinin ve yanlış kullanımının gittikçe arttığı dikkati çekmektedir.
Bu durumlarda kaçınılmaz olunan sonuçlardan ancak ve ancak eğitim ve
farkındalıklarla kurtulabiliriz.

Keywords

opioidler, ağrı, kötüye kullanım ve yanlış kullanım

Opioids, Pain, its Abuse and Missuse

Abstract

Opioids, also known as narcotic analgesics,
are the drug groups which are derived from Papaver somniferum, one of the
member of Papaveraceae family. They are commonly used in the treatment of
acute, chronic pains and also cancer pains because of their strong pain killer
effects. However, since opioids have addictive qualities, some problems can
occur on the beginning or during the treatment. Besides their analgesics effects,
opioids can also use as antitussive and antidiarrheal medicines. Unwanted
events can occur based on increasing abuse and misuse of opioids, particularly
strong ones. However, it is very obvious that they should be used in terminal
cancer patients experiencing pain by looking at benefit-harm ratio. Dependence,
hepatitis, HIV infections in the use of this group of drugs and withdrawal
syndromes in cases where it is not used are very important problems. In recent
years, it is noteworthy that abuse and missuse of opioids have increased,
especially in juveniles and prisoners. We can only get through these inevitable
results with education and awareness.

Keywords

opioids, pain, abuse and missuse

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