The Role of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Year 2021, Volume: 43 Issue: 6, 696 - 704, 24.09.2021

Güllü Kaymak , Hasan Aydın

https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.845217

Abstract

Recently, there is increasing evidence that oxidative stress has an important role in neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidative stress and its effects cause damage to critical brain regions; thus, it is thought to occur with the disruption in the mechanisms regulating neuronal signal communication. Clinical studies have found significant changes in antioxidant enzyme, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide levels in patients suffering from various neurodegenerative diseases. In the mitochondrial complex, reactive oxygen radicals are formed by the escape of some electrons from the chain during electron flow and mitochondrial dysfunction develops with electron transport chain inhibition. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage may cause permanent adverse effects in the nervous system by creating changes in the intracellular signaling system, intracellular calcium balance and DNA structure. In this article, the current information is reviewed and the relationship of neurodegenerative diseases with oxidative balance is analyzed through clinical, animal and cell culture studies.

Keywords

Oxidative stress, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer disease, ALS

Nörodejeneratif Hastalıklarda Oksidatif Stresin Rolü

Abstract

Son dönemde oksidatif stresin nörodejeneratif hastalıklarda önemli rolü olduğuna dair bulgular artış göstermektedir. Oksidatif stres ve etkilerinin, kritik beyin bölgelerinde hasara neden olduğu; böylece nöronal sinyal iletişimini düzenleyen mekanizmalarda bozulma ile ortaya çıktığı düşünülmektedir. Klinik çalışmalarda, çeşitli nörodejeneratif hastalıklardan muzdarip hastalarda antioksidan enzim, lipid peroksidasyonu ve nitrik oksit düzeylerinde belirgin değişiklikler saptanmıştır. Mitokondri kompleksinde elektron akışı sırasında bazı elektronların zincirden kaçması ile reaktif oksijen radikalleri oluşmakta ve elektron transport zincir inhibisyonu ile mitokondrial işlev bozukluğu gelişmektedir. Mitokondrial işlev bozukluğu ve oksidatif hasar, hücre içi sinyal sisteminde, hücre içi kalsiyum dengesinde ve DNA yapısında değişiklikler oluşturarak sinir sisteminde kalıcı olumsuzluklara neden olabilir. Bu makalede, mevcut bilgiler gözden geçirilerek, klinik, hayvan ve hücre kültürü çalışmaları ile nörodejeneratif hastalıkların oksidatif denge ile ilişkisi analiz edilmiştir.

Keywords

oksidatif stres, parkinson, alzheimer, ALS

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