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Diagnostic Inexperience of Takayasu Arteritis in Pediatric Neurology: A Case Report and Mini-Review of the Literature

Year 2023, Volume: 45 Issue: 1, 135 - 141, 23.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.1176704

Abstract

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a chronic inflammatory vasculitis involving the aorta and its main branches. It usually starts with systemic inflammatory signs after ten years of age. Neurological symptoms seen depend on aneurysmatic, stenotic and thromboembolic events in the affected vessels. It is rarely seen in childhood and presentation with epileptic seizure is extremely rare in infantile age. In this case report, a 22-month-old child who was admitted with epileptic seizure and had a large infarction in the area matching the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) watershed. Symptoms and imaging findings due to infarction developed hours after epileptic seizure. First, low molecular weight heparin treatment was started. Following the development of multiple aneurysmatic-stenotic lesions in the left brachial artery and profunda branch, diagnosed as TA. It was added to oral steroid and azathioprine. Resistant seizures were controlled with levetiracetam and valproic acid in the poststroke period. Multidisciplinary follow-up is ongoing with anticoagulant, antiepileptic and immunosuppressive treatments. TA rarely occurs in the infantile period with acute neurological symptoms such as epileptic seizure and stroke. It is important to make diagnosis early in order to reduce the neurological comorbidities that may occur in the long term.

References

  • 1. Seyahi E. Takayasu arteritis: an update. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2017;29(1):51-56. doi:10.1097/BOR.0000000000000343.
  • 2. Felling RJ, Sun LR, Maxwell EC, Goldenberg N, Bernard T. Pediatric arterial ischemic stroke: Epidemiology, risk factors, and management. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2017;67:23-33. doi:10.1016/j.bcmd.2017.03.003.
  • 3. Sahin S, Hopurcuoglu D, Bektas S, Belhan E, Adrovic A, Barut K, et al. Childhood-onset Takayasu arteritis: A 15-year experience from a tertiary referral center. Int J Rheum Dis. 2019;22(1):132-139. doi:10.1111/1756-185X.13425.
  • 4. Misra DP, Aggarwal A, Lawrence A, Agarwal V, Misra R. Pediatric-onset Takayasu's arteritis: clinical features and short-term outcome. Rheumatol Int. 2015;35(10):1701-1706. doi:10.1007/s00296-015-3272-7.
  • 5. Aeschlimann FA, Eng SWM, Sheikh S, Laxer RM, Hebert D, Noone D, et al. Childhood Takayasu arteritis: disease course and response to therapy. Arthritis Res Ther. 2017;19(1):255. Published 2017 Nov 22. doi:10.1186/s13075-017-1452-4.
  • 6. Weiss PF, Corao DA, Pollock AN, Finkel TH, Smith SE. Takayasu arteritis presenting as cerebral aneurysms in an 18 month old: a case report. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2008;6:4. Published 2008 Jan 31. doi:10.1186/1546-0096-6-4.
  • 7. Ozen S, Pistorio A, Iusan SM, Bakkaloglu A, Herlin T, Brik R, et al. EULAR/PRINTO/PRES criteria for Henoch-Schönlein purpura, childhood polyarteritis nodosa, childhood Wegener granulomatosis and childhood Takayasu arteritis: Ankara 2008. Part II: Final classification criteria. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(5):798-806. doi:10.1136/ard.2009.116657.
  • 8. Deda G, Teber S. (2010). Çocukluk çağı inmeleri / Stroke in childhood. Dicle Tip Dergisi. 2010;37(3):314-20.

Pediatrik Nörolojide Takayasu Arteritinin Tanısal Deneyimsizliği: Olgu Sunumu ve Literatürün Gözden Geçirilmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 45 Issue: 1, 135 - 141, 23.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.1176704

Abstract

Takayasu arteriti (TA), aort ve ana dallarını tutan kronik inflamatuar bir vaskülittir. Genellikle on yaşından sonra sistemik inflamatuar bulgularla başlar. Etkilenen damarlarda görülen nörolojik semptomlar anevrizmatik, stenotik ve tromboembolik olaylara bağlıdır. Nadiren çocukluk çağında görülür ve infantil yaşta epileptik nöbet ile prezentasyon oldukça nadirdir. Bu olgu sunumunda, epileptik nöbet ile başvuran ve sağ orta serebral arterin (MCA) beslediği alanda geniş bir enfarktüs gelişen 22 aylık bir çocuk sunulmuştur. Enfarktüse bağlı semptomlar ve görüntüleme bulguları epileptik nöbetten saatler sonra gelişti. Önce düşük molekül ağırlıklı heparin tedavisi başlandı. Sol brakiyal arter ve derin dalda çok sayıda anevrizmatik-stenotik lezyon gelişmesi üzerine TA tanısı konuldu. Oral steroid ve azatioprine eklendi. İnme sonrası dönemde levetirasetam ve valproik asit ile dirençli nöbetler kontrol altına alındı. Antikoagülan, antiepileptik ve immünsüpresif tedaviler ile multidisipliner takibi devam etmektedir. TA, infantil dönemde epileptik nöbet ve inme gibi akut semptomlarla nadiren ortaya çıkar. Uzun vadede ortaya çıkabilecek komorbiditeleri azaltmak için erken tanı koymak önemlidir.

References

  • 1. Seyahi E. Takayasu arteritis: an update. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2017;29(1):51-56. doi:10.1097/BOR.0000000000000343.
  • 2. Felling RJ, Sun LR, Maxwell EC, Goldenberg N, Bernard T. Pediatric arterial ischemic stroke: Epidemiology, risk factors, and management. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2017;67:23-33. doi:10.1016/j.bcmd.2017.03.003.
  • 3. Sahin S, Hopurcuoglu D, Bektas S, Belhan E, Adrovic A, Barut K, et al. Childhood-onset Takayasu arteritis: A 15-year experience from a tertiary referral center. Int J Rheum Dis. 2019;22(1):132-139. doi:10.1111/1756-185X.13425.
  • 4. Misra DP, Aggarwal A, Lawrence A, Agarwal V, Misra R. Pediatric-onset Takayasu's arteritis: clinical features and short-term outcome. Rheumatol Int. 2015;35(10):1701-1706. doi:10.1007/s00296-015-3272-7.
  • 5. Aeschlimann FA, Eng SWM, Sheikh S, Laxer RM, Hebert D, Noone D, et al. Childhood Takayasu arteritis: disease course and response to therapy. Arthritis Res Ther. 2017;19(1):255. Published 2017 Nov 22. doi:10.1186/s13075-017-1452-4.
  • 6. Weiss PF, Corao DA, Pollock AN, Finkel TH, Smith SE. Takayasu arteritis presenting as cerebral aneurysms in an 18 month old: a case report. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2008;6:4. Published 2008 Jan 31. doi:10.1186/1546-0096-6-4.
  • 7. Ozen S, Pistorio A, Iusan SM, Bakkaloglu A, Herlin T, Brik R, et al. EULAR/PRINTO/PRES criteria for Henoch-Schönlein purpura, childhood polyarteritis nodosa, childhood Wegener granulomatosis and childhood Takayasu arteritis: Ankara 2008. Part II: Final classification criteria. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(5):798-806. doi:10.1136/ard.2009.116657.
  • 8. Deda G, Teber S. (2010). Çocukluk çağı inmeleri / Stroke in childhood. Dicle Tip Dergisi. 2010;37(3):314-20.
There are 8 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section OLGU SUNUMU
Authors

Turgay Çokyaman 0000-0002-7108-6839

Yücel Sınmaz 0000-0002-2572-9143

Nilüfer Aylanç 0000-0002-5889-9763

Burcu Akıncı 0000-0001-6026-4786

Betül Sözeri 0000-0002-5079-5644

Publication Date January 23, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 45 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Çokyaman T, Sınmaz Y, Aylanç N, Akıncı B, Sözeri B. Diagnostic Inexperience of Takayasu Arteritis in Pediatric Neurology: A Case Report and Mini-Review of the Literature. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi. 2023;45(1):135-41.


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