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Different Protocols In Periodontal Debridement

Year 2023, Volume: 45 Issue: 2, 311 - 320, 15.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.1251559

Abstract

Oral and dental health significantly affects general body health and quality of life. The oral region has its own unique flora to ensure the continuity of oral and dental health. With the effect of systemic and local risk factors; Intraoral pathogenic conditions can be encountered with the deterioration of healthy oral flora and immune system balance. Among these pathologies that can be seen in the oral region, periodontal diseases have a high prevalence. Oral and dental health can affect general body health, as well as general body health affects oral and dental health. The treatment of periodontal diseases is of critical importance because it is multifactorial and can be affected in both directions. Periodontal treatment called scaling and root planing is considered the gold standard. The aim of this review is to evaluate full mouth scaling and full mouth disinfection, which is seen as the current approach in the treatment protocol, which is accepted as the gold standard of periodontal therapy.

References

  • 1. Tonetti MS, Jepsen S, Jin L, Otomo-Corgel J. Impact of the global burden of periodontal diseases on health, nutrition and wellbeing of mankind: A call for global action. J Clin Periodontol. 2017 ;44:456-462.
  • 2. Khattri S, Kumbargere Nagraj S, Arora A, Eachempati P, Kusum CK, Bhat KG, Johnson TM, Lodi G. Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non-surgical treatment of periodontitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;11:CD012568.
  • 3. Hobdell M, Petersen PE, Clarkson J, Johnson N. Global goals for oral health 2020. Int Dent J. 2003;53:285-8.
  • 4. Baltacıoğlu, E. Konak Modulasyon Terapi Nedir, Periodontal Hastalıklarda Niçin Gereklidir? Türkiye Klinikleri Dergisi 2015; 1:1-8
  • 5. Valm AM. The Structure of Dental Plaque Microbial Communities in the Transition from Health to Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease. J Mol Biol. 2019;431:2957-2969.
  • 6. Hajishengallis G, Chavakis T. Local and systemic mechanisms linking periodontal disease and inflammatory comorbidities. Nat Rev Immunol. 2021;21:426-440.
  • 7. Abusleme L, Dupuy AK, Dutzan N, Silva N, Burleson JA, Strausbaugh LD, Gamonal J, Diaz PI. The subgingival microbiome in health and periodontitis and its relationship with community biomass and inflammation. ISME J. 2013;7:1016-25.
  • 8. Socransky SS, Haffajee AD, Smith C, Dibart S. Relation of counts of microbial species to clinical status at the sampled site. J Clin Periodontol. 1991;18:766-75.
  • 9. Griffen AL, Beall CJ, Campbell JH, Firestone ND, Kumar PS, Yang ZK, Podar M, Leys EJ. Distinct and complex bacterial profiles in human periodontitis and health revealed by 16S pyrosequencing. ISME J. 2012;6:1176-85.
  • 10. Mark Welch JL, Rossetti BJ, Rieken CW, Dewhirst FE, Borisy GG. Biogeography of a human oral microbiome at the micron scale. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;3: E791-800.
  • 11. Beasley DE, Koltz AM, Lambert JE, Fierer N, Dunn RR. The Evolution of Stomach Acidity and Its Relevance to the Human Microbiome. PLoS One 2015;10: e0134116.
  • 12. Yılmaz D, Altındiş M. Sağlık ve Hastalıkta Oral Kavite Mikrobiyotası. Biotech&Strategic Health Research 2018; 2: 9-22
  • 13. Asikainen S, Chen C. Oral ecology and person-to-person transmission of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Periodontol 2000. 1999; 20:65-81.
  • 14. Sanz M, Herrera D, Kebschull M, Chapple I, Jepsen S, Beglundh T, Sculean A, Tonetti MS; EFP Workshop Participants and Methodological Consultants. Treatment of stage I-III periodontitis-The EFP S3 level clinical practice guideline. J Clin Periodontol. 2020;47 Suppl 22:4-60.
  • 15. Tonetti MS, Greenwell H, Kornman KS. Staging and grading of periodontitis: Framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition. J Periodontol. 2018;89 Suppl 1: S159-S172.
  • 16. de Molon RS, Park CH, Jin Q, Sugai J, Cirelli JA. Characterization of ligature-induced experimental periodontitis. Microsc Res Tech. 2018;81:1412-1421.
  • 17. Isola G. Salivary Tests: A New Personalized Approach for the Early Diagnosis of Oral and Periodontal Diseases. J Pers Med. 2022 ;12:1636.
  • 18. Genco RJ, Borgnakke WS. Risk factors for periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000. 2013;62:59-94.
  • 19. Parameter on plaque-induced gingivitis. American Academy of Periodontology. J Periodontol. 2000;71:851-2.
  • 20. Murakami S, Mealey BL, Mariotti A, Chapple ILC. Dental plaque-induced gingival conditions. J Periodontol. 2018;89 Suppl 1: S17-S27.
  • 21. Kinane DF, Attström R; European Workshop in Periodontology group B. Advances in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Group B consensus report of the fifth European Workshop in Periodontology. J Clin Periodontol. 2005;32 Suppl 6:130-1.
  • 22. Tonetti MS, Chapple IL, Jepsen S, Sanz M. Primary and secondary prevention of periodontal and peri-implant diseases: Introduction to, and objectives of the 11th European Workshop on Periodontology consensus conference. J Clin Periodontol. 2015;42 Suppl 16: S1-4.
  • 23. Page RC. Gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol. 1986;13:345-59.
  • 24. Kinane DF, Stathopoulou PG, Papapanou PN. Periodontal diseases. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017 ;3: 17038.
  • 25. Armitage GC. Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Ann Periodontol. 1999;4:1-6.
  • 26. Afacan, Beral. Kronik periodontitisin tedavisinde üç farklı tedavi yaklaşımının klinik, mikrobiyolojik ve biyokimyasal parametreler açısından etkinliklerinin değerlendirilmesi. Doktora Tezi. İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi, Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Periodontoloji Anabilim Dalı, 2009.
  • 27. American Academy of Periodontology Task Force Report on the Update to the 1999 Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions. J Periodontol. 2015;86:835-8.
  • 28. Chapple ILC, Mealey BL, Van Dyke TE, Bartold PM, Dommisch H, Eickholz P, Geisinger ML, Genco RJ, Glogauer M, Goldstein M, Griffin TJ, Holmstrup P, Johnson GK, Kapila Y, Lang NP, Meyle J, Murakami S, Plemons J, Romito GA, Shapira L, Tatakis DN, Teughels W, Trombelli L, Walter C, Wimmer G, Xenoudi P, Yoshie H. Periodontal health and gingival diseases and conditions on an intact and a reduced periodontium: Consensus report of workgroup 1 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. J Periodontol. 2018;89 Suppl 1: S74-S84.
  • 29. Graziani F, Karapetsa D, Alonso B, Herrera D. Nonsurgical and surgical treatment of periodontitis: how many options for one disease? Periodontol 2000. 2017 ;75:152-188.
  • 30. Eberhard J, Jepsen S, Jervøe-Storm PM, Needleman I, Worthington HV. Full-mouth treatment modalities (within 24 hours) for chronic periodontitis in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015:CD004622. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022;6:CD004622.
  • 31. Donos N, Calciolari E, Brusselaers N, Goldoni M, Bostanci N, Belibasakis GN. The adjunctive use of host modulators in non-surgical periodontal therapy. A systematic review of randomized, placebo-controlled clinical studies. J Clin Periodontol. 2020;47 Suppl 22:199-238.
  • 32. Jentsch HFR, Heusinger T, Weickert A, Eick S. Professional tooth cleaning prior to non-surgical periodontal therapy: A randomized clinical trial. J Periodontol. 2020 Feb;91(2):174-182.
  • 33. Jepsen S, Deschner J, Braun A, Schwarz F, Eberhard J. Calculus removal and the prevention of its formation. Periodontol 2000. 2011 Feb;55(1):167-88.
  • 34. Bastendorf KD, Strafela-Bastendorf N, Lussi A. Mechanical Removal of the Biofilm: Is the Curette Still the Gold Standard? Monogr Oral Sci. 2021; 29:105-118.
  • 35. Graziani F, Karapetsa D, Alonso B, Herrera D. Nonsurgical and surgical treatment of periodontitis: how many options for one disease? Periodontol 2000. 2017;75:152-188.
  • 36. Dirikan Ş., Gürlüman G., Menemencioğlu N., Eren B., Noyan Ü., Yılmaz S. Kronik Periodontitiste Başlangıç Periodontal Tedaviye Ek Olarak Yara Örtücü Ajan (PERIOFILM®) Uygulanmasının Klinik ve Biyokimyasal Etkilerinin İncelenmesi. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry. 2011; 45: 49-57.
  • 37. Hatipoğlu H. Periodontal ve Sistemik Hastalıklar: Respiratuar Rahatsızlıklar. Medical Research Reports. 2021; 4: 31-40.
  • 38. Ak B., Alkan E., A., İnanç B., "Kronik Periodontitisli Hastalarda Başlangıç Periodontal Tedavisine İlave Olarak Doksisiklin Kullanımının Dişeti Oluğu Sıvısında Bulunan Matriks Metalloproteinaz-1 Seviyelerine Etkisi. Van Tıp Dergisi. 2017; 24: 24-28.
  • 39. Edmiston CE Jr, Bruden B, Rucinski MC, Henen C, Graham MB, Lewis BL. Reducing the risk of surgical site infections: does chlorhexidine gluconate provide a risk reduction benefit? Am J Infect Control. 2013;41(5 Suppl): S49-55.
  • 40. Jones CG. Chlorhexidine: is it still the gold standard? Periodontol 2000. 1997; 15:55-62. 41. Arunachalam LT, Sudhakar U, Vasanth J, Khumukchum S, Selvam VV. Comparison of anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis effect of curcumin and chlorhexidine mouth rinse in the treatment of gingivitis: A clinical and biochemical study. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2017;21:478-483.
  • 42. Ruksakiet K, Hanák L, Farkas N, Hegyi P, Sadaeng W, Czumbel LM, Sang-Ngoen T, Garami A, Mikó A, Varga G, Lohinai Z. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Chlorhexidine and Sodium Hypochlorite in Root Canal Disinfection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Endod. 2020;46:1032-1041.
  • 43. Quirynen M, Bollen CM, Vandekerckhove BN, Dekeyser C, Papaioannou W, Eyssen H. Full- vs. partial-mouth disinfection in the treatment of periodontal infections: short-term clinical and microbiological observations. J Dent Res. 1995;74:1459-67.
  • 44. Teughels W, Dekeyser C, Van Essche M, Quirynen M. One-stage, full-mouth disinfection: fiction or reality? Periodontol 2000. 2009; 50:39-51.
  • 45. Quirynen M, Mongardini C, de Soete M, Pauwels M, Coucke W, van Eldere J, van Steenberghe D. The rôle of chlorhexidine in the one-stage full-mouth disinfection treatment of patients with advanced adult periodontitis. Long-term clinical and microbiological observations. J Clin Periodontol. 2000;27:578-89.
  • 46. Santos VR, Lima JA, Miranda TS, Gonçalves TE, Figueiredo LC, Faveri M, Duarte PM. Full-mouth disinfection as a therapeutic protocol for type-2 diabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis: twelve-month clinical outcomes: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2013;40:155-62.

Periodontal Debridmanda Farklı Yaklaşımlar

Year 2023, Volume: 45 Issue: 2, 311 - 320, 15.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.1251559

Abstract

Ağız diş sağlığı genel vücut sağlığını ve yaşam kalitesini önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Oral bölgenin ağız ve diş sağlığının devamlılığının sağlanması için kendine özgü florası vardır. Sistemik ve lokal risk faktörlerinin etkisiyle; sağlıklı oral flora ve immün sistem dengesinin bozulmasıyla ağız içi patojen durumlarla karşılaşılabilir. Oral bölgede görülebilen bu patolojiler arasında da periodontal hastalıklar yüksek prevelansa sahiptir. Ağız ve diş sağlığı genel vücut sağlığını etkileyebildiği gibi genel vücut sağlığı da ağız ve diş sağlığını etkiler. Çok faktörlü olması ve çift yönlü etkilenebilmesi nedeniyle de periodontal hastalıkların tedavisi kritik öneme sahiptir. Diştaşı temizliği ve kök düzleştirme (SRP) adı verilen periodontal tedavi altın standart olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı da periodontal tedavinin altın standardı olarak kabul edilen tedavi protokolündeki güncel yaklaşım olarak görülen tüm ağız diştaşı temizliği ve tüm ağız dezenfeksiyonu değerlendirmektir.

References

  • 1. Tonetti MS, Jepsen S, Jin L, Otomo-Corgel J. Impact of the global burden of periodontal diseases on health, nutrition and wellbeing of mankind: A call for global action. J Clin Periodontol. 2017 ;44:456-462.
  • 2. Khattri S, Kumbargere Nagraj S, Arora A, Eachempati P, Kusum CK, Bhat KG, Johnson TM, Lodi G. Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials for the non-surgical treatment of periodontitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;11:CD012568.
  • 3. Hobdell M, Petersen PE, Clarkson J, Johnson N. Global goals for oral health 2020. Int Dent J. 2003;53:285-8.
  • 4. Baltacıoğlu, E. Konak Modulasyon Terapi Nedir, Periodontal Hastalıklarda Niçin Gereklidir? Türkiye Klinikleri Dergisi 2015; 1:1-8
  • 5. Valm AM. The Structure of Dental Plaque Microbial Communities in the Transition from Health to Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease. J Mol Biol. 2019;431:2957-2969.
  • 6. Hajishengallis G, Chavakis T. Local and systemic mechanisms linking periodontal disease and inflammatory comorbidities. Nat Rev Immunol. 2021;21:426-440.
  • 7. Abusleme L, Dupuy AK, Dutzan N, Silva N, Burleson JA, Strausbaugh LD, Gamonal J, Diaz PI. The subgingival microbiome in health and periodontitis and its relationship with community biomass and inflammation. ISME J. 2013;7:1016-25.
  • 8. Socransky SS, Haffajee AD, Smith C, Dibart S. Relation of counts of microbial species to clinical status at the sampled site. J Clin Periodontol. 1991;18:766-75.
  • 9. Griffen AL, Beall CJ, Campbell JH, Firestone ND, Kumar PS, Yang ZK, Podar M, Leys EJ. Distinct and complex bacterial profiles in human periodontitis and health revealed by 16S pyrosequencing. ISME J. 2012;6:1176-85.
  • 10. Mark Welch JL, Rossetti BJ, Rieken CW, Dewhirst FE, Borisy GG. Biogeography of a human oral microbiome at the micron scale. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;3: E791-800.
  • 11. Beasley DE, Koltz AM, Lambert JE, Fierer N, Dunn RR. The Evolution of Stomach Acidity and Its Relevance to the Human Microbiome. PLoS One 2015;10: e0134116.
  • 12. Yılmaz D, Altındiş M. Sağlık ve Hastalıkta Oral Kavite Mikrobiyotası. Biotech&Strategic Health Research 2018; 2: 9-22
  • 13. Asikainen S, Chen C. Oral ecology and person-to-person transmission of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Periodontol 2000. 1999; 20:65-81.
  • 14. Sanz M, Herrera D, Kebschull M, Chapple I, Jepsen S, Beglundh T, Sculean A, Tonetti MS; EFP Workshop Participants and Methodological Consultants. Treatment of stage I-III periodontitis-The EFP S3 level clinical practice guideline. J Clin Periodontol. 2020;47 Suppl 22:4-60.
  • 15. Tonetti MS, Greenwell H, Kornman KS. Staging and grading of periodontitis: Framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition. J Periodontol. 2018;89 Suppl 1: S159-S172.
  • 16. de Molon RS, Park CH, Jin Q, Sugai J, Cirelli JA. Characterization of ligature-induced experimental periodontitis. Microsc Res Tech. 2018;81:1412-1421.
  • 17. Isola G. Salivary Tests: A New Personalized Approach for the Early Diagnosis of Oral and Periodontal Diseases. J Pers Med. 2022 ;12:1636.
  • 18. Genco RJ, Borgnakke WS. Risk factors for periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000. 2013;62:59-94.
  • 19. Parameter on plaque-induced gingivitis. American Academy of Periodontology. J Periodontol. 2000;71:851-2.
  • 20. Murakami S, Mealey BL, Mariotti A, Chapple ILC. Dental plaque-induced gingival conditions. J Periodontol. 2018;89 Suppl 1: S17-S27.
  • 21. Kinane DF, Attström R; European Workshop in Periodontology group B. Advances in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Group B consensus report of the fifth European Workshop in Periodontology. J Clin Periodontol. 2005;32 Suppl 6:130-1.
  • 22. Tonetti MS, Chapple IL, Jepsen S, Sanz M. Primary and secondary prevention of periodontal and peri-implant diseases: Introduction to, and objectives of the 11th European Workshop on Periodontology consensus conference. J Clin Periodontol. 2015;42 Suppl 16: S1-4.
  • 23. Page RC. Gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol. 1986;13:345-59.
  • 24. Kinane DF, Stathopoulou PG, Papapanou PN. Periodontal diseases. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017 ;3: 17038.
  • 25. Armitage GC. Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Ann Periodontol. 1999;4:1-6.
  • 26. Afacan, Beral. Kronik periodontitisin tedavisinde üç farklı tedavi yaklaşımının klinik, mikrobiyolojik ve biyokimyasal parametreler açısından etkinliklerinin değerlendirilmesi. Doktora Tezi. İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi, Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Periodontoloji Anabilim Dalı, 2009.
  • 27. American Academy of Periodontology Task Force Report on the Update to the 1999 Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions. J Periodontol. 2015;86:835-8.
  • 28. Chapple ILC, Mealey BL, Van Dyke TE, Bartold PM, Dommisch H, Eickholz P, Geisinger ML, Genco RJ, Glogauer M, Goldstein M, Griffin TJ, Holmstrup P, Johnson GK, Kapila Y, Lang NP, Meyle J, Murakami S, Plemons J, Romito GA, Shapira L, Tatakis DN, Teughels W, Trombelli L, Walter C, Wimmer G, Xenoudi P, Yoshie H. Periodontal health and gingival diseases and conditions on an intact and a reduced periodontium: Consensus report of workgroup 1 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. J Periodontol. 2018;89 Suppl 1: S74-S84.
  • 29. Graziani F, Karapetsa D, Alonso B, Herrera D. Nonsurgical and surgical treatment of periodontitis: how many options for one disease? Periodontol 2000. 2017 ;75:152-188.
  • 30. Eberhard J, Jepsen S, Jervøe-Storm PM, Needleman I, Worthington HV. Full-mouth treatment modalities (within 24 hours) for chronic periodontitis in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015:CD004622. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022;6:CD004622.
  • 31. Donos N, Calciolari E, Brusselaers N, Goldoni M, Bostanci N, Belibasakis GN. The adjunctive use of host modulators in non-surgical periodontal therapy. A systematic review of randomized, placebo-controlled clinical studies. J Clin Periodontol. 2020;47 Suppl 22:199-238.
  • 32. Jentsch HFR, Heusinger T, Weickert A, Eick S. Professional tooth cleaning prior to non-surgical periodontal therapy: A randomized clinical trial. J Periodontol. 2020 Feb;91(2):174-182.
  • 33. Jepsen S, Deschner J, Braun A, Schwarz F, Eberhard J. Calculus removal and the prevention of its formation. Periodontol 2000. 2011 Feb;55(1):167-88.
  • 34. Bastendorf KD, Strafela-Bastendorf N, Lussi A. Mechanical Removal of the Biofilm: Is the Curette Still the Gold Standard? Monogr Oral Sci. 2021; 29:105-118.
  • 35. Graziani F, Karapetsa D, Alonso B, Herrera D. Nonsurgical and surgical treatment of periodontitis: how many options for one disease? Periodontol 2000. 2017;75:152-188.
  • 36. Dirikan Ş., Gürlüman G., Menemencioğlu N., Eren B., Noyan Ü., Yılmaz S. Kronik Periodontitiste Başlangıç Periodontal Tedaviye Ek Olarak Yara Örtücü Ajan (PERIOFILM®) Uygulanmasının Klinik ve Biyokimyasal Etkilerinin İncelenmesi. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry. 2011; 45: 49-57.
  • 37. Hatipoğlu H. Periodontal ve Sistemik Hastalıklar: Respiratuar Rahatsızlıklar. Medical Research Reports. 2021; 4: 31-40.
  • 38. Ak B., Alkan E., A., İnanç B., "Kronik Periodontitisli Hastalarda Başlangıç Periodontal Tedavisine İlave Olarak Doksisiklin Kullanımının Dişeti Oluğu Sıvısında Bulunan Matriks Metalloproteinaz-1 Seviyelerine Etkisi. Van Tıp Dergisi. 2017; 24: 24-28.
  • 39. Edmiston CE Jr, Bruden B, Rucinski MC, Henen C, Graham MB, Lewis BL. Reducing the risk of surgical site infections: does chlorhexidine gluconate provide a risk reduction benefit? Am J Infect Control. 2013;41(5 Suppl): S49-55.
  • 40. Jones CG. Chlorhexidine: is it still the gold standard? Periodontol 2000. 1997; 15:55-62. 41. Arunachalam LT, Sudhakar U, Vasanth J, Khumukchum S, Selvam VV. Comparison of anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis effect of curcumin and chlorhexidine mouth rinse in the treatment of gingivitis: A clinical and biochemical study. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2017;21:478-483.
  • 42. Ruksakiet K, Hanák L, Farkas N, Hegyi P, Sadaeng W, Czumbel LM, Sang-Ngoen T, Garami A, Mikó A, Varga G, Lohinai Z. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Chlorhexidine and Sodium Hypochlorite in Root Canal Disinfection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Endod. 2020;46:1032-1041.
  • 43. Quirynen M, Bollen CM, Vandekerckhove BN, Dekeyser C, Papaioannou W, Eyssen H. Full- vs. partial-mouth disinfection in the treatment of periodontal infections: short-term clinical and microbiological observations. J Dent Res. 1995;74:1459-67.
  • 44. Teughels W, Dekeyser C, Van Essche M, Quirynen M. One-stage, full-mouth disinfection: fiction or reality? Periodontol 2000. 2009; 50:39-51.
  • 45. Quirynen M, Mongardini C, de Soete M, Pauwels M, Coucke W, van Eldere J, van Steenberghe D. The rôle of chlorhexidine in the one-stage full-mouth disinfection treatment of patients with advanced adult periodontitis. Long-term clinical and microbiological observations. J Clin Periodontol. 2000;27:578-89.
  • 46. Santos VR, Lima JA, Miranda TS, Gonçalves TE, Figueiredo LC, Faveri M, Duarte PM. Full-mouth disinfection as a therapeutic protocol for type-2 diabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis: twelve-month clinical outcomes: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2013;40:155-62.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section DERLEME
Authors

Didar Betül Doğan 0000-0001-9495-6254

Didem Özkal Eminoğlu 0000-0001-9406-3368

Oğuzhan Maden 0000-0002-6067-3608

Publication Date March 15, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 45 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Doğan DB, Özkal Eminoğlu D, Maden O. Periodontal Debridmanda Farklı Yaklaşımlar. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi. 2023;45(2):311-20.


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