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Evaluation of Clinical and Etiological Characteristics of Cases with Pediatric Lymphadenopathy

Year 2024, Volume: 46 Issue: 3, 413 - 421, 27.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.1395856

Abstract

Lymphadenopathies are among the common causes of frequent hospital admissions in childhood.Lymphadenopathy (LAP) may be most frequently seen during the follow-up of infectious diseases, but some chronic, malignant, and autoimmune diseases may also be encountered in the etiology of lymphadenopathy.In this study we aimed to investigate the clinical, epidemiologic, and etiological characteristics of pediatric patients presenting with lymphadenopathy.A total of 380 pediatric patients with lymphadenopathy who were followed up in the Eskisehir Osmangazi University Pediatric Infectious Diseases Clinic between January 2015 and January 2023 were included in the study.The mean age of the patients was 84 months and 65% of the patients were male.According to etiologic characteristics; 359(94%) cases had infectious and 21(6) cases had non-infectious LAP.Most frequently nonspecific lymphadenitis (68%), Epstein-Barr Virus (12.8%), cytomegalovirus (3.6%), suppurative lymphadenitis (1.9%) and tuberculous lymphadenitis (1.8%) were observed in cases with LAP. Cases with non-infectious LAP had rheumatologic diseases (n:11), hemato-oncologic malignancies (n: 6), and congenital cysts (n:4). When infectious and non-infectious LAP cases were compared, involved lymph nodes were larger (p:0.04) in the non-infectious group.In the non-infectious group,lymph nodes were relatively harder and conglomerated(p:0.03, p:0.04).Computed tomography scan was more frequently performed in the non-infectious group(p:0.01).Although lymphadenopathy in childhood is mostly due to infectious causes, rheumatologic diseases, hemato-oncologic malignancies, and congenital cysts should be kept in mind, especially in prolonged, treatment-refractory cases. Detailed history and physical examination are the first and the most important steps in the differential diagnosis of cases presenting with lymphadenopathy to prevent the application of unnecessary tests and investigations

Project Number

yok

References

  • 1. Zeppa P, Cozzolino I. Lymphadenitis and lymphadenopathy. Monogr Clin Cytol 2018;23(4):19-33.
  • 2. Tower RL, Carmitta BM. Lymphadenopathy. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St Geme JW, Schor NF (eds). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics (20th ed). California, 2016: 2413-2415.
  • 3. Tower R, Geme JWS. Lymphadenopathy. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, Geme JW. St, Schor NF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 20th Ed, Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2016;p.2414-6
  • 4. Zeppa P, Cozzolino I. Lymphadenitis and Lymphadenopathy. Monogr Clin Cytol. 2018;23:19- 33.
  • 5. Cervical lymph node diseases in children. Lang, Stephan ve Kansy, Benjamin. Essen : yazarı bilinmiyor, 2014, GMS Current Topics in Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery , Cilt 13, s. 1-27.
  • 6. Weinberg, Jason B. Epstein-Barr Virus. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 21st Edition 2020. basım yeri bilinmiyor : ELSEVIER, 2020, s. 6894-6905.
  • 7. Gujar S, Gandhi D, Mukherji SK. Pediatric head and neck masses. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 2004;15(2):95-101.
  • 8. Restrepo R, Oneto J, Lopez K, Kukreja K. Head and neck lymph nodes in children: the spectrum from normal to abnormal. Pediatr Radiol. 2009;39(8):836-846.
  • 9. Twist CJ, Link MP. Assessment of lymphadenopathy in children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2002;49(5):1009-1025
  • 10. Kumar, G.A., et al., A clinical-etiological study of cervical lymphadenopathy in children with special reference to ultrasonography, Journal of Clinical & Experimental Investigations/Klinik ve Deneysel Arastirmalar Dergisi, 2010; 1(2).
  • 11. Ahuja AT, Ying M., Sonographic evaluation of cervical lymph nodes, American Journal of Roentgenology, 2005; 184 (5): 1691–9.
  • 12. Oğuz A, Karadeniz C, Temel EA, Cıtak EC, Okur FV., Evaluation of peripheral lymphadenopathy in children, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2006; 23 (7):549-561.
  • 13. Soldes OS, Younger JG, Hirschl YB., Predictors of malignancy in childhood peripheral lymphadenopathy, Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 1999; 34 (10): 1447–52.
  • 14. Yarış, N. ve ark. Analysis of Children with Peripheral Lymphadenopathy, Clınıcal Pedıatrıcs, 2006; 46: 544-549.
  • 15. Panesar J, Higgins K, Daya H, Forte V, Allen U., Nontuberculous mycobacterial cervical adenitis: A ten-year retrospective review, Laryngoscope, 2003; 113(1): 149-15
  • 16. Aykaç K, Özsürekci Y, Başaranoğlu ST, Öncel EK, Cengiz AB, Kara A., et al. Çocuklarda lenfadenopati nedenleri: Hacettepe Üniversitesi enfeksiyon hastalıkları deneyimi 2015- 2016. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi. 2016;59:155-60.
  • 17. Şeker E, Büyükavcı M, Gündüz Y, Orhan MF. Periferik Lenfadenopati Nedeniyle Çocuk Hematoloji-Onkoloji Polikliniğine Başvuran Çocukların Değerlendirilmesi. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi. 2022;12(1):32-42.
  • 18. . Özkale Y, Özkale M, Sipahi T. Peripheral lymphadenopathy in childhood: single center study. Cukurova Medical Journal. 2015;40(3):418-429.
  • 19. Kesik P, Acıpayam, C, Temiz F, Yurttutan N, Güler AG, Sayar H, Gülmez TK. Patolojik Lenfadenopatilerde Klinik, Laboratuar, Ultrason Bulguları İle Histopatoloji Sonuçlarının Karşılaştırılması. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi. 2019;20(4):245-249.
  • 20. Kumral A, Olgun N, Uysal KM, Çorapcioǧlu, F, Ören H, Sarialioǧlu F., Assessment of peripheral lymphadenopathies: Experience at a pediatric hematology-oncology department in Turkey. Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2002; 19(4): 211-218.
  • 21. Gosche JR, Vick L., Acute, subacute and chronic cervical lymphadenitis in children. Seminars in Pediatric Surgery, 2006; 15 (2): 99–106
  • 22. Öksüz Ç. ve ark., Çocukluk Çağı Periferik Lenfadenopatili Olguların Retrospektif Değerlendirilmesi, O.M.Ü. Tıp Dergisi, 2008; 23: 94-101.
  • 23. Moore SW, Schneider JW, Schaaf HS., Diagnostic aspects of cervical lymphadenopathy in children in the developing world: a study of 1,877 surgical specimens, Pediatric Surgery International, 2003; 19 (4): 240-244.
  • 24. Anne S, Teot LA, Mandell LD., Fine needle aspiration biopsy: Role in the diagnosis of pediatric head and neck masses, International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 2008; 72.10: 1547-53.

Pediatrik Lenfadenopati Olgularının Klinik Ve Etiyolojik Özelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2024, Volume: 46 Issue: 3, 413 - 421, 27.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.1395856

Abstract

Lenfadenopatiler çocukluk çağında, sık hastaneye başvuru sebeplerindendir. Lenfadenopati daha çok enfeksiyon hastalıklarının izleminde olabileceği gibi bazı kronik hastalıklar, malign hastalıklar, otoimmün hastalıklar da lenfadenopati etiyolojisinde karşımıza çıkabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada lenfadenopati ile başvuran çocuk olguların, klnik, epidemiyolojik ve etiyolojik özelliklerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesinde Ocak 2015- Ocak 2023 tarihleri arasında, Çocuk Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Kliniğinde, lenfadenopati sebebiyle takip edilen 380 çocuk olgu dahil edildi. Olguların %35 ine medikal tedavi uygulanırken, 22 olguda ise cerrahi tedavi uygulandı. Etiyolojik özelliklerine göre; 359 (%94) ünde enfeksiyöz, 21 (6) inde non enfeksiyöz LAP mevcuttu. Enfeksiyöz etkenlerden en sık sırasyla, non-spesifik lenfadenit (%68), Epstein Barr Virüs (%12.8), Sitomegalivirus (%3.6), süpüratif lenfadenit (1.9) ve tüberküloz lenfadenitdi (%1.8). Non enfeksiyöz LAP olguların, 11 inde romatolojik hastalıklar, 6 sında hemato-onkolojik malignite, 4 olguda ise konjenital kist mevcuttu. Enfeksiyöz ve non enfeksiyoz LAP olguları karşılstırıldığında, non-enfeksiyoz LAP grubunda LAP boyutu daha büyükdü (p:0.04). Non-enfeksiyon grupda, daha çok sert ve konglemerasyon karakterde LAP mevcuttu (p:0.03, p: 0.04). Bilgisayarlı tomografi çekimi, non enfeksiyoz grupda dah sıkdı (p: 0.01). Çocukluk çağında lenfadenopatiler çoğunlukla enfeksiyoz sebeplere bağlı olsada, özellikle uzamış, tedaviye yanıtsız olgularda, romatolojik hastalıklar, hemato-onkolojik maligniteler ve konjenital kistlerde akılda tutulmalıdır. Gereksiz tetkiklerin önlenmesi açısından, ayrıntılı öykü ve fizik muayene, lenfadenopati ile başvuran olguların ayrıcı tanısında ilk ve en önemli basamağı oluşturmaktadır.

Ethical Statement

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Supporting Institution

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Project Number

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Thanks

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References

  • 1. Zeppa P, Cozzolino I. Lymphadenitis and lymphadenopathy. Monogr Clin Cytol 2018;23(4):19-33.
  • 2. Tower RL, Carmitta BM. Lymphadenopathy. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St Geme JW, Schor NF (eds). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics (20th ed). California, 2016: 2413-2415.
  • 3. Tower R, Geme JWS. Lymphadenopathy. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, Geme JW. St, Schor NF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 20th Ed, Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2016;p.2414-6
  • 4. Zeppa P, Cozzolino I. Lymphadenitis and Lymphadenopathy. Monogr Clin Cytol. 2018;23:19- 33.
  • 5. Cervical lymph node diseases in children. Lang, Stephan ve Kansy, Benjamin. Essen : yazarı bilinmiyor, 2014, GMS Current Topics in Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery , Cilt 13, s. 1-27.
  • 6. Weinberg, Jason B. Epstein-Barr Virus. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 21st Edition 2020. basım yeri bilinmiyor : ELSEVIER, 2020, s. 6894-6905.
  • 7. Gujar S, Gandhi D, Mukherji SK. Pediatric head and neck masses. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 2004;15(2):95-101.
  • 8. Restrepo R, Oneto J, Lopez K, Kukreja K. Head and neck lymph nodes in children: the spectrum from normal to abnormal. Pediatr Radiol. 2009;39(8):836-846.
  • 9. Twist CJ, Link MP. Assessment of lymphadenopathy in children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2002;49(5):1009-1025
  • 10. Kumar, G.A., et al., A clinical-etiological study of cervical lymphadenopathy in children with special reference to ultrasonography, Journal of Clinical & Experimental Investigations/Klinik ve Deneysel Arastirmalar Dergisi, 2010; 1(2).
  • 11. Ahuja AT, Ying M., Sonographic evaluation of cervical lymph nodes, American Journal of Roentgenology, 2005; 184 (5): 1691–9.
  • 12. Oğuz A, Karadeniz C, Temel EA, Cıtak EC, Okur FV., Evaluation of peripheral lymphadenopathy in children, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2006; 23 (7):549-561.
  • 13. Soldes OS, Younger JG, Hirschl YB., Predictors of malignancy in childhood peripheral lymphadenopathy, Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 1999; 34 (10): 1447–52.
  • 14. Yarış, N. ve ark. Analysis of Children with Peripheral Lymphadenopathy, Clınıcal Pedıatrıcs, 2006; 46: 544-549.
  • 15. Panesar J, Higgins K, Daya H, Forte V, Allen U., Nontuberculous mycobacterial cervical adenitis: A ten-year retrospective review, Laryngoscope, 2003; 113(1): 149-15
  • 16. Aykaç K, Özsürekci Y, Başaranoğlu ST, Öncel EK, Cengiz AB, Kara A., et al. Çocuklarda lenfadenopati nedenleri: Hacettepe Üniversitesi enfeksiyon hastalıkları deneyimi 2015- 2016. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi. 2016;59:155-60.
  • 17. Şeker E, Büyükavcı M, Gündüz Y, Orhan MF. Periferik Lenfadenopati Nedeniyle Çocuk Hematoloji-Onkoloji Polikliniğine Başvuran Çocukların Değerlendirilmesi. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi. 2022;12(1):32-42.
  • 18. . Özkale Y, Özkale M, Sipahi T. Peripheral lymphadenopathy in childhood: single center study. Cukurova Medical Journal. 2015;40(3):418-429.
  • 19. Kesik P, Acıpayam, C, Temiz F, Yurttutan N, Güler AG, Sayar H, Gülmez TK. Patolojik Lenfadenopatilerde Klinik, Laboratuar, Ultrason Bulguları İle Histopatoloji Sonuçlarının Karşılaştırılması. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi. 2019;20(4):245-249.
  • 20. Kumral A, Olgun N, Uysal KM, Çorapcioǧlu, F, Ören H, Sarialioǧlu F., Assessment of peripheral lymphadenopathies: Experience at a pediatric hematology-oncology department in Turkey. Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2002; 19(4): 211-218.
  • 21. Gosche JR, Vick L., Acute, subacute and chronic cervical lymphadenitis in children. Seminars in Pediatric Surgery, 2006; 15 (2): 99–106
  • 22. Öksüz Ç. ve ark., Çocukluk Çağı Periferik Lenfadenopatili Olguların Retrospektif Değerlendirilmesi, O.M.Ü. Tıp Dergisi, 2008; 23: 94-101.
  • 23. Moore SW, Schneider JW, Schaaf HS., Diagnostic aspects of cervical lymphadenopathy in children in the developing world: a study of 1,877 surgical specimens, Pediatric Surgery International, 2003; 19 (4): 240-244.
  • 24. Anne S, Teot LA, Mandell LD., Fine needle aspiration biopsy: Role in the diagnosis of pediatric head and neck masses, International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 2008; 72.10: 1547-53.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Paediatrics (Other)
Journal Section ORİJİNAL MAKALE
Authors

Yalçın Kara 0000-0003-0569-1106

Nurhayat Karakaya This is me 0000-0003-2713-7851

Mahmut Can Kızıl 0000-0002-6231-4238

Merve İşeri Nepesov 0000-0003-4584-1818

Ömer Kılıç 0000-0003-0168-4080

Ener Çağrı Dinleyici 0000-0002-0339-0134

Project Number yok
Publication Date May 27, 2024
Submission Date November 25, 2023
Acceptance Date April 29, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 46 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Kara Y, Karakaya N, Kızıl MC, İşeri Nepesov M, Kılıç Ö, Dinleyici EÇ. Evaluation of Clinical and Etiological Characteristics of Cases with Pediatric Lymphadenopathy. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi. 2024;46(3):413-21.


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