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Asistan Hekimlerin Çocuklarda Cinsel İstismar Konusundaki Bilgi ve Tutumlarının Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 47 Sayı: 2, 193 - 200, 27.02.2025

Öz

Bu çalışma, asistan hekimlerin çocuklarda cinsel istismar konusundaki bilgi ve tutumlarını değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çocuklarda cinsel istismar, dünya genelinde önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olup, sağlık profesyonelleri bu tür vakaları tanımlama ve yönetme konusunda zorluklarla karşılaşmaktadır. Çalışmaya preklinik ve klinik branşlardan toplam 126 asistan hekim katılmıştır. Veriler, mevcut literatüre dayanarak araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen iki bölümlü bir anket kullanılarak toplanmıştır. İlk bölüm sosyodemografik bilgileri toplarken, ikinci bölüm cinsel istismar bilgisi, risk faktörleri ve yasal sorumluluklara odaklanmıştır. Bulgular, katılımcıların %67.5’inin tıp fakültesinde çocuklarda cinsel istismar eğitimi aldığını, ancak yalnızca %30.5’inin bu eğitimi yeterli bulduğunu göstermiştir. Katılımcılar, cinsel içerikli konuşma, teşhircilik ve çocuk pornografisi gibi cinsel istismar göstergeleri hakkında yüksek farkındalığa sahipken, yaşça büyük bireylerle rıza temelli ilişkiler gibi daha belirsiz durumlar konusunda düşük farkındalık göstermiştir. Risk faktörleri açısından çoğu katılımcı, ailelerin sosyoekonomik durumunu istismar riski ile ilişkili olarak belirtmiş; ebeveynlerden ayrı yaşama ve ebeveynlerin ruh sağlığı sorunları gibi faktörlerde de farkındalık göstermiştir. Katılımcıların yasal sorumluluk farkındalığı yüksekti; %98.4’ü istismar şüphesini bildirme zorunluluğunu tanıdığını, ancak %7.9’u uygun adımlar konusunda kararsız olduğunu belirtmiştir. Bu bulgular, risk faktörleri ve adli bildirim süreçleri konusundaki bilgi eksikliklerini işaret etmekte ve bu alandaki eğitimin daha kapsamlı ve uygulamaya yönelik olarak geliştirilmesinin faydalı olabileceğini göstermektedir. Tıp eğitimindeki bu tür düzenlemeler, asistan hekimlerin çocuklarda cinsel istismar vakalarını daha etkili bir şekilde tanıma ve yönetme becerilerini destekleyebilir, böylece etkilenen çocukların korunmasına ve yasal sorumlulukların yerine getirilmesine katkı sağlayabilir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Barth J, Bermetz L, Heim E, Trelle S, Tonia, T. The current prevalence of child sexual abuse worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Public Health. 2013; 58(3):469-483.
  • 2. Dubowitz H. Child sexual abuse and exploitation—A global glimpse. Child Abuse Negl. 2017;66:2–8.
  • 3. Hébert M, Smith K, Caouette J, Cénat JM, Karray A, Cartierre N, Veuillet-Combier C, Mazoyer AV, Derivois D. Prevalence and associated mental health outcomes of child sexual abuse in youth in France: observations from a convenience sample. J Affect Disord.2021:282:820–828.
  • 4. Stoltenborgh M, van Ijzendoorn MH, Euser EM, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ. A global perspective on child sexual abuse: Meta-analysis of prevalence around the world. Child Maltreatment. 2011;16(2):79–101.
  • 5. Turkish Statistical Institute. (2023). Statistics on children brought to or taken to security units, 2022. Ankara: Turkish Statistical Institute. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Guvenlik-Birimine-Gelen-veya-Getirilen-Cocuk-Istatistikleri-2022-49662
  • 6. Assink M, van der Put CE, Mandy WCM Meeuwsen, de Jong NM, Oort FJ, Geert Jan JM Stams, Hoeve M. Risk factors for child sexual abuse victimization: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin. 2019; 145(5); 459–489.
  • 7. Demir ZGY, Yılmaz M, Yılmaz S. Çocuk İstismarı: Ruh Sağlığına Etkileri ve Psikiyatri Hemşiresinin Sorumlulukları. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2024 Mar;31(1):23-29. doi:10.4274/tjcamh.galenos.2021.72691.
  • 8. Starling SP, Heisler KW, Paulson JF, Youmans E. Child abuse training and knowledge: a national survey of emergency medicine, family medicine, and pediatric residents and program directors. Pediatrics. 2009;123(4): e595-e602.
  • 9. Tener, D., & Murphy, S. B. (2015). Adult disclosure of child sexual abuse: A literature review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 16(4), 391-400.
  • 10. Rudolph, J., Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Shanley, D. C., & Hawkins, R. (2018). Child sexual abuse prevention opportunities: Parenting, programs, and the reduction of risk. Child maltreatment, 23(1), 96-106.
  • 11. Flaherty, E. G., & Stirling, J., The Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect. (2010). The pediatrician’s role in child maltreatment prevention. Pediatrics, 126(4), 833–841.
  • 12. Broaddus-Shea ET, Scott K, Reijnders M, Amin A. A review of the literature on good practice considerations for initial health system response to child and adolescent sexual abuse. Child Abuse Negl. 2021; 116:104225.
  • 13. Cromer LD, Goldsmith RE. Child sexual abuse myths: Attitudes, beliefs, and individual differences. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. 2010;19(6): 618–647.
  • 14. Frederick NN, Campbell K, Kenney LB, Moss K, Speckhart A Bober SL. Barriers and facilitators to sexual and reproductive health communication between pediatric oncology clinicians and adolescent and young adult patients: the clinician perspective. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2018; 65(8): e27087.
  • 15. Frumence G, Nyamhanga T, Mwangu M, Hurtig AK. Challenges to the implementation of health sector decentralization in Tanzania: experiences from Kongwa district council. Global health action. 2013; 6(1): 20983.
  • 16. Theimer K, Mii AE, Sonnen E, McCoy K, Meidlinger K, Biles B, Huit TZ, Flood MF, Hansen DJ. Identifying and addressing barriers to treatment for child sexual abuse survivors and their non-offending caregivers. Aggress Violent Behav. 2020; 52: 101418.
  • 17. Baker AJ, LeBlanc S, Adebayo T, Mathews B. Training for mandated reporters of child abuse and neglect: Content analysis of state-sponsored curricula. Child Abuse Negl. 2021; 113:104932.
  • 18. Mavili A, Altun G. Aile Hekimleri, Hemşire ve Ebelerin Çocuk İstismarı Ve İhmali Konusunda Farkındalık Düzeyleri: Burdur Örneği. Sosyal Çalışma Dergisi. 2022; 6(1): 41-58.
  • 19. Bıyıklıoğlu O, Beyaztaş FY, Yıldırım A, Bütün C. Evaluation of the Knowledge and Awareness Levels of Physicians Working in Family Health Centers in Sivas Province About Child Abuse and Neglect. The Bulletin of Legal Medicine. 2024;29(2):173-180.
  • 20. Cyr K, Chamberland C, Clément MÈ, Lessard G, Wemmers JA, Collin-Vézina D, Damant D. Polyvictimization and victimization of children and youth: Results from a populational survey. Child Abuse Negl. 2013; 37(10): 814-820.
  • 21. Finkelhor D, Jones L. Why have child maltreatment and child victimization declined?. J. Soc. Issues. 2006; 62(4): 685-716.
  • 22. Tekin, H. H. (2020). Sağlık çalışanlarının çocuk ihmal ve istismar vakaları ile karşılaşma durumları, bildirim yükümlülükleri ve eğitim gereksinimleri. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi, 29(2), 85-94.
  • 23. Santomassino, M., Costantini, G. D., McDermott, M., Primiano, D., Slyer, J. T., & Singleton, J. K. (2015). Effectiveness of Child Advocacy Centers and the multidisciplinary team approach on prosecution rates of alleged sex offenders and satisfaction of non-offending caregivers with allegations of child sexual abuse: a systematic review. JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, 13(12), 93-129.
  • 24. Bracewell, T. E., & Luloff, A. E. (2018). Multidisciplinary Team Involvement and Prosecutorial Decisions in Child Sexual Abuse Cases. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 35(6), 611-622.

Assessing Resident Physicians’ Knowledge and Attitudes on Child Sexual Abuse

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 47 Sayı: 2, 193 - 200, 27.02.2025

Öz

This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitudes of resident physicians regarding child sexual abuse. Child sexual abuse is a significant public health issue worldwide, and healthcare professionals often encounter challenges in identifying and managing such cases. A total of 126 resident physicians from both preclinical and clinical branches participated. Data were collected using a two-part questionnaire developed by researchers based on current literature. The first part gathered sociodemographic information, while the second focused on knowledge of sexual abuse, risk factors, and legal responsibilities. Findings revealed that 67.5% of the participants received education on child sexual abuse during medical school, yet only 30.5% considered this training adequate. Participants demonstrated high awareness of explicit indicators of sexual abuse, such as sexualized conversations, voyeurism, and child pornography. However, lower awareness was observed for ambiguous cases, such as consensual interactions with older individuals. Regarding risk factors, most participants identified family socioeconomic status as related to abuse risk, with additional awareness of factors like separation from parents and parental mental health issues. Legal responsibility awareness was high, with 98.4% recognizing the obligation to report suspected abuse, though 7.9% expressed uncertainty about appropriate steps. These findings indicate gaps in knowledge regarding risk factors and judicial reporting processes and suggest that enhancing education in this area to be more comprehensive and practice-oriented could be beneficial. Addressing these gaps in medical education could improve the ability of resident physicians to recognize and manage child sexual abuse cases effectively, ensuring better protection for affected children and fulfilling their legal responsibilities.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Barth J, Bermetz L, Heim E, Trelle S, Tonia, T. The current prevalence of child sexual abuse worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Public Health. 2013; 58(3):469-483.
  • 2. Dubowitz H. Child sexual abuse and exploitation—A global glimpse. Child Abuse Negl. 2017;66:2–8.
  • 3. Hébert M, Smith K, Caouette J, Cénat JM, Karray A, Cartierre N, Veuillet-Combier C, Mazoyer AV, Derivois D. Prevalence and associated mental health outcomes of child sexual abuse in youth in France: observations from a convenience sample. J Affect Disord.2021:282:820–828.
  • 4. Stoltenborgh M, van Ijzendoorn MH, Euser EM, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ. A global perspective on child sexual abuse: Meta-analysis of prevalence around the world. Child Maltreatment. 2011;16(2):79–101.
  • 5. Turkish Statistical Institute. (2023). Statistics on children brought to or taken to security units, 2022. Ankara: Turkish Statistical Institute. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Guvenlik-Birimine-Gelen-veya-Getirilen-Cocuk-Istatistikleri-2022-49662
  • 6. Assink M, van der Put CE, Mandy WCM Meeuwsen, de Jong NM, Oort FJ, Geert Jan JM Stams, Hoeve M. Risk factors for child sexual abuse victimization: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin. 2019; 145(5); 459–489.
  • 7. Demir ZGY, Yılmaz M, Yılmaz S. Çocuk İstismarı: Ruh Sağlığına Etkileri ve Psikiyatri Hemşiresinin Sorumlulukları. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2024 Mar;31(1):23-29. doi:10.4274/tjcamh.galenos.2021.72691.
  • 8. Starling SP, Heisler KW, Paulson JF, Youmans E. Child abuse training and knowledge: a national survey of emergency medicine, family medicine, and pediatric residents and program directors. Pediatrics. 2009;123(4): e595-e602.
  • 9. Tener, D., & Murphy, S. B. (2015). Adult disclosure of child sexual abuse: A literature review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 16(4), 391-400.
  • 10. Rudolph, J., Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Shanley, D. C., & Hawkins, R. (2018). Child sexual abuse prevention opportunities: Parenting, programs, and the reduction of risk. Child maltreatment, 23(1), 96-106.
  • 11. Flaherty, E. G., & Stirling, J., The Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect. (2010). The pediatrician’s role in child maltreatment prevention. Pediatrics, 126(4), 833–841.
  • 12. Broaddus-Shea ET, Scott K, Reijnders M, Amin A. A review of the literature on good practice considerations for initial health system response to child and adolescent sexual abuse. Child Abuse Negl. 2021; 116:104225.
  • 13. Cromer LD, Goldsmith RE. Child sexual abuse myths: Attitudes, beliefs, and individual differences. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. 2010;19(6): 618–647.
  • 14. Frederick NN, Campbell K, Kenney LB, Moss K, Speckhart A Bober SL. Barriers and facilitators to sexual and reproductive health communication between pediatric oncology clinicians and adolescent and young adult patients: the clinician perspective. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2018; 65(8): e27087.
  • 15. Frumence G, Nyamhanga T, Mwangu M, Hurtig AK. Challenges to the implementation of health sector decentralization in Tanzania: experiences from Kongwa district council. Global health action. 2013; 6(1): 20983.
  • 16. Theimer K, Mii AE, Sonnen E, McCoy K, Meidlinger K, Biles B, Huit TZ, Flood MF, Hansen DJ. Identifying and addressing barriers to treatment for child sexual abuse survivors and their non-offending caregivers. Aggress Violent Behav. 2020; 52: 101418.
  • 17. Baker AJ, LeBlanc S, Adebayo T, Mathews B. Training for mandated reporters of child abuse and neglect: Content analysis of state-sponsored curricula. Child Abuse Negl. 2021; 113:104932.
  • 18. Mavili A, Altun G. Aile Hekimleri, Hemşire ve Ebelerin Çocuk İstismarı Ve İhmali Konusunda Farkındalık Düzeyleri: Burdur Örneği. Sosyal Çalışma Dergisi. 2022; 6(1): 41-58.
  • 19. Bıyıklıoğlu O, Beyaztaş FY, Yıldırım A, Bütün C. Evaluation of the Knowledge and Awareness Levels of Physicians Working in Family Health Centers in Sivas Province About Child Abuse and Neglect. The Bulletin of Legal Medicine. 2024;29(2):173-180.
  • 20. Cyr K, Chamberland C, Clément MÈ, Lessard G, Wemmers JA, Collin-Vézina D, Damant D. Polyvictimization and victimization of children and youth: Results from a populational survey. Child Abuse Negl. 2013; 37(10): 814-820.
  • 21. Finkelhor D, Jones L. Why have child maltreatment and child victimization declined?. J. Soc. Issues. 2006; 62(4): 685-716.
  • 22. Tekin, H. H. (2020). Sağlık çalışanlarının çocuk ihmal ve istismar vakaları ile karşılaşma durumları, bildirim yükümlülükleri ve eğitim gereksinimleri. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi, 29(2), 85-94.
  • 23. Santomassino, M., Costantini, G. D., McDermott, M., Primiano, D., Slyer, J. T., & Singleton, J. K. (2015). Effectiveness of Child Advocacy Centers and the multidisciplinary team approach on prosecution rates of alleged sex offenders and satisfaction of non-offending caregivers with allegations of child sexual abuse: a systematic review. JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, 13(12), 93-129.
  • 24. Bracewell, T. E., & Luloff, A. E. (2018). Multidisciplinary Team Involvement and Prosecutorial Decisions in Child Sexual Abuse Cases. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 35(6), 611-622.
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları
Bölüm ORİJİNAL MAKALELER / ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Yazarlar

Damla Eyüboğlu 0000-0001-6042-7768

Şengül Tosun Altınöz 0000-0002-7629-192X

Mahmut Şehirlioğlu 0009-0002-3502-7185

Ceren Fettahlı 0000-0002-9387-6604

Muharrem Bolluk 0000-0002-1561-1336

Albina Fazailova 0000-0002-8930-5972

Murat Eyüboğlu 0000-0003-3278-0374

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Şubat 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Kasım 2024
Kabul Tarihi 23 Ocak 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 47 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Eyüboğlu D, Tosun Altınöz Ş, Şehirlioğlu M, Fettahlı C, Bolluk M, Fazailova A, Eyüboğlu M. Assessing Resident Physicians’ Knowledge and Attitudes on Child Sexual Abuse. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi. 2025;47(2):193-200.


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