Anksiyete Her Zaman Kötü müdür? Anksiyetenin Çok Boyutlu İncelenmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 47 Sayı: Beyin Farkındalığı 2025 Özel Sayısı, 57 - 64, 22.08.2025

Leman Deniz Tarlacık , Gulcan Gulec

Öz

Anksiyete, potansiyel tehditlere karşı gelişen ve evrimsel süreçte hayatta kalma olasılığını artıran temel bir tepkidir. Uygun şiddette ortaya çıktığında, dikkat, uyanıklık ve hızlı karar verme süreçlerini destekleyerek uyum sağlayıcı (adaptif) bir işlev görmektedir. Ancak bu sistem, yanlış ya da aşırı biçimde tetiklendiğinde, bireyin işlevselliğini bozabilen uyum bozucu (maladaptif) bir duruma dönüşebilmektedir. Bu derleme, anksiyetenin uyum sağlayıcı ve uyum bozucu boyutlarını, özellikle amigdala, prefrontal korteks ve ilişkili beyin bölgeleri arasındaki etkileşimlere odaklanarak nörobiyolojik temelleriyle incelemektedir. Mevcut bulgular, anksiyetenin düzeyi, süresi ve düzenleyici sistemlerle olan ilişkisine göre, hem uyum sağlayıcı hem de uyum bozucu sonuçlara yol açabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Uyum sağlayıcı ve uyum bozucu süreçlerin nörobiyolojik düzeyde ayırt edilmesi, klinik değerlendirmelerin hassasiyetini artırarak, daha hedefe yönelik ve bireyselleştirilmiş tedavi stratejilerinin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

anksiyete , adaptif , maladaptif , stres

Is Anxiety Always Maladaptive? A Multidimensional Perspective

Öz

Anxiety is a fundamental response to potential threats that has evolved to increase the likelihood of survival. When it occurs at an appropriate intensity, it serves an adaptive function by supporting processes such as attention, alertness, and rapid decision-making. However, when this system is triggered inappropriately or excessively, it can become maladaptive, impairing individual functioning. This review examines the adaptive and maladaptive dimensions of anxiety, focusing on its neurobiological underpinnings, particularly the interactions between the amygdala, the prefrontal cortex, and related brain regions. Current evidence indicates that the outcomes of anxiety—whether adaptive or maladaptive—depend on its intensity, duration, and interactions with regulatory systems. Distinguishing these processes at the neurobiological level may enhance the precision of clinical assessments and contribute to the development of more targeted and individualized treatment strategies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

anxiety , adaptive , maladaptive , stress

Kaynakça

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