Investigating the Impact of Hibiscus Extracts on Paraoxonase and Antioxidant Activities in Diabetic Rats

Abstract

Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) accelerates oxidative stress beyond its broad effects on metabolic function, which has been linked to various chronic complications. This study investigated the antioxidative and therapeutic potential of Hibiscus syriacus (HSE) and Hibiscus trionum extracts (HTE), focusing on their effects on paraoxonase (PON) and arylesterase enzymes activity in diabetic rat models. Material and Methods: This study evaluated PON and ARE activities in 36 Wistar albino rats divided into the following groups: control (C), C+HSE, C+HTE, Diabetes (D), D+HSE, and D+HTE. The total phenolic content of HSE and HTE was determined using the Folin- Ciocalteu method, and their antioxidant activities were assessed using DPPH and CUPRAC tests. Results: HSE and HTE extracts have demonstrated significant increases in paraoxonase and arylesterase activities, which are crucial for cardiovascular protection and reducing oxidative stress in diabetes. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential of natural extracts in managing oxidative stress-related complications associated with diabetes and underscores the need to integrate such phytotherapeutic agents into broader diabetes care strategies. Future research should focus on confirming these findings in clinical settings and investigating the molecular processes responsible for the observed effects, potentially paving the way for innovative interventions for diabetes management.

Keywords

• Antioxidant activity
• Diabetes mellitus
• Hibiscus syriacus
• Hibiscus trionum
• Paraoxonase

Diyabetik Sıçanlarda Hibiskus Ekstraktlarının Paraoxonase ve Antioksidan Aktiviteleri Üzerindeki Etkisinin Araştırılması

Abstract

Amaç: Diyabetes mellitus (DM), metabolik işlevler üzerindeki geniş etkilerinin ötesinde, çeşitli kronik komplikasyonlarla bağlantılı olan oksidatif stresi hızlandırır. Bu çalışma, diyabetik sıçan modellerinde paraoksonaz (PON) ve arilesteraz enzim aktiviteleri üzerindeki etkilerine odaklanarak Hibiscus syriacus (HSE) ve Hibiscus trionum ekstraktlarının (HTE) antioksidatif ve terapötik potansiyelini araştırmaktadır. Materyal ve Metot: Bu çalışma, kontrol (C), C+HSE, C+HTE, Diyabet (D), D+HSE ve D+HTE olmak üzere ayrılan 36 Wistar albino sıçanda PON ve ARE aktivitelerini değerlendirmiştir. HSE ve HTE'nin toplam fenolik içeriği Folin-Ciocalteu metodu ile belirlenmiş, antioksidan aktiviteleri DPPH ve CUPRAC testleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç: HSE ve HTE ekstraktları, diyabetik kardiyovasküler koruma ve oksidatif stresi azaltmada kritik öneme sahip olan paraoksonaz ve arilesteraz aktivitelerinde önemli artışlar göstermiştir. Sonuç: Bu çalışma, diyabetle ilişkili oksidatif stres komplikasyonlarının yönetiminde doğal ekstraktların potansiyelini vurgulamakta ve bu tür fitoterapötik ajanların geniş kapsamlı diyabet bakım stratejilerine entegre edilmesinin gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Gelecek çalışmalar, bu sonuçları klinik ortamlarda doğrulamayı ve gözlemlenen etkilerin altında yatan moleküler mekanizmaları araştırmayı hedeflemelidir, bu da diyabet yönetimi için yenilikçi müdahalelerin yolunu açabilir.

Keywords

• Antioksidan aktivite
• Diyabetes mellitus
• Hibiscus syriacus
• Hibiscus trionum
• Paraoksonaz

References

1. Dilworth L, Facey A, Omoruyi F. Diabetes mellitus and its metabolic complications: the role of adipose tissues. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(14):7644. doi:10.3390/ijms22147644
2. Mohamed WS, Hassanien MA, EL Sayed Abokhosheim K. Paraoxonase-1, malondialdehyde and glutathione reductase in Type 2 Diabetic patients with nephropathy. EJM. 2014;19(4):169-174.
3. La Du BN, Aviram M, Billecke S, Navab M, Primo-Parmo S, Sorenson RC, Standiford, T J. On the physiological role (s) of the paraoxonases. Chem Biol Interact. 1999;119:379-388. doi:10.1016/S0009-2797(99)00049-6
4. Draganov DI, Teiber JF, Speelman A, Osawa Y, Sunahara R, La Du BN. Human paraoxonases (PON1, PON2, and PON3) are lactonases with over lapping and distinct substrate specificities. J Lipid Res Jun. 2005;46(6):1239‐1247. doi:10.1194/jlr.M400511-JLR200
5. Martinelli N, Girelli D, Olivieri O, Guarini P, Bassi A, Trabetti E, et al. Novel serum paraoxonase activity assays are associated with coronary artery disease. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2009;47(4):432-440. doi:10.1515/CCLM.2009.108
6. Wu D, Wu C, Zhong Y. The association between paraoxonase 1 activity and the susceptibilities of diabetes mellitus, diabetic macroangiopathy and diabetic microangiopathy. JCMM. 2018;22(9):4283-4291. doi:10.1111/jcmm.13711
7. Toma L, Stancu C. S, Sima A. V. Endothelial dysfunction in diabetes is aggravated by glycated lipoproteins; novel molecular therapies. Biomed J. 2020;9(1):18. doi:10.3390/biomedicines9010018
8. Pethe M, Yelwatkar S, Gujar V, Varma S, Manchalwar S. Antidiabetic, hypolipidimic and antioxidant activities of Hibiscus rosa sinensis flower extract in alloxan induced diabetes in rabbits. IJBAR. 2017;8(4):138-143. doi:10.7439/ijbar.v8i3.405

9. Coman C, Rugina O. D Socaciu C. Plants and natural compounds with antidiabetic action. Not Bot Horti Agrobot Cluj Napoca. 2012;40(1):314-325. doi:10.15835/nbha4017205
10. Piovesana A, Rodrigues E, Noreña CPZ. Composition analysis of carotenoids and phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity from Hibiscus calyces (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) by HPLC‐DAD‐MS/MS. PCA. 2019;30(2):208-217. doi:10.1002/pca.2806
11. Aybastier O. Efficacy of methanol-water extract of Inula helenium root against oxidative DNA damage. J Tradit Chin Med. 2021;41(2). doi:10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20210209.008
12. Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier ME, Berset CLWT. Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT- FS&T. 1995;28(1):25-30. doi:10.1016/S0023-6438(95)80008-5
13. Sharma OP, Bhat TK. DPPH antioxidant assay revisited. Food Chem. 2009;113(4):1202-1205. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.08.008
14. Apak R, Güçlü K, Özyürek M, Karademir SE. Novel total antioxidant capacity index for dietary polyphenols and vitamins C and E, using their cupric ion reducing capability in the presence of neocuproine: CUPRAC method. J Agric Food Chem. 2004;52(26):7970-7981. doi:10.1021/jf048741x
15. Eckerson HW, Romson J, Wyte C, La Du BN. The human serum paraoxonase polymorphism: identification of phenotypes by their response to salts. Am J Hum Genet. 1983;35(2):214-227.
16. Saggar S, Mir PA, Kumar N, Chawla A, Uppal J, Kaur, A. Traditional and herbal medicines: opportunities and challenges. Pharmacogn Res. 2022;14(2):107-114.
17. Gonçalves IO, Oliveira PJ, Ascensao A, Magalhaes J. Exercise as a therapeutic tool to prevent mitochondrial degeneration in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Eur J Clin Invest. 2013;43(11): 1184-1194. doi:10.1111/eci.12146
18. Kedare SB and Singh RP. Genesis and development of DPPH method of antioxidant assay. JFST. 2011;48:412-422. doi:10.1007/s13197-011-0251-1
19. Irawan C, Sukiman M, Putri ID, Utami A, Pratama AN, Zalni, MIK. Antioxidant Capacity and Potential as an Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor in Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl Fruit Peel Ultrasonic Extract. Phcog. 2022;14(4). doi:10.5530/pj.2022.14.100
20. Zuin M, Rosta V, Trentini A, Bosi C, Zuliani G, Cervellati C. Paraoxonase 1 activity in patients with Alzheimer disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Chem Biol Interact. 2023;110601. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110601
21. Sarıkaya U, Meydan S, Selek Ş, Sarıkaya A, Demirel M, Gül AZ, Yıldız, T. Could the PON1 phenotype play a key role in insulin resistance? Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries. 2023;43(3):476-481. doi:10.1007/s13410-022-01096-x
22. Bahlil Y, Krouf D, Taleb-Dida N. Zygophyllum album aqueous extract reduces glycemia and ameliorates lipid profile and oxidative damage in hypercholesterolemic-diabetic rats. NFC. 2019;49(1):141-157. doi:10.1108/NFS-03-2018-0078
23. Vaisar T, Kanter JE, Wimberger J, et al. High concentration of medium-sized HDL particles and enrichment in HDL paraoxonase 1 associate with protection from vascular complications in people with long-standing type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(1):178-186. doi:10.2337/dc19-0772