Gebe Kadınların Oruç Tutmaya İlişkin Görüşlerinin ve Dini Tutumlarının Belirlenmesi: Türkiye’de Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı; gebe kadınların oruç tutmaya ilişkin görüşleri ile dini tutumlarının ve bunlar arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesidir. Materyal ve Metot: Çalışma, tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel olarak tasarlandı ve Temmuz-Ekim 2021 tarihleri arasında 252 gebe kadınla gerçekleştirildi. Veriler “Gebe Tanımlama Formu”, “Gebelikte Oruç Tutmaya İlişkin Görüşler Formu” ve “Dini Tutum Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplandı. Bulgular: Gebelerin %37,7’si İslam dinine göre gebelikte oruç tutulmaması gerektiğini, %29,0’ının gebeliğinde ramazan orucu tuttuğunu ifade etti. Gebelerin DTÖ toplam puan ortalaması 35,57±5,62 ile yüksek düzeyde dini tutuma sahip olduğu bulundu. Gebeliğinde ramazan orucu tutan kadınların davranışsal alt boyut puan ortalaması, tutmayan kadınların puan ortalamasına göre daha düşüktür (p=0,023). Sonuç: Her üç kadından birinin gebelikte oruç tuttuğu, gebelikte oruç tutmaya ilişkin bilgi ve görüşlerinin yetersiz olduğu, oruç tutmanın anne ve bebek sağlığına etkilerini bilmediği ortaya çıkmıştır. Gebeliğinde oruç tutmayan kadınların dini tutumlarının, tutanlara göre daha yüksek olduğu belirlendi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Din
• gebelik
• oruç

Determination of Pregnant Women's Views on Fasting and Religious Attitudes: A Cross-sectional Study in Türkiye

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to determine pregnant women's views on Ramadan fasting, their religious attitudes, and the relationship between them. Materials and Methods: The study was designed as a descriptive and cross-sectional study and was conducted from the July-October 2021 with 252 pregnant women. The data were collected using the "Pregnancy Identification Form", "Opinions on Fasting During Pregnancy Form", and "Religious Attitude Scale". Results: Of the pregnant women, 37.7% stated that Ramadan fasting should not be practised during pregnancy, according to Islam, and 29.0% of the pregnant women stated that they fasted during Ramadan. Pregnant women were found to have a high level of religious attitude with a mean total score of 35.57±5.62. The mean behavioral subscale score of women who fasted during Ramadan during pregnancy was lower than the mean score of women who did not fast (p=0.023). Conclusions: It was found that one out of every three women fasted during pregnancy, their knowledge and opinions about fasting during pregnancy were insufficient, and they did not know the effects of fasting on maternal and infant health. Women who did not fast during pregnancy were found to have higher religious attitudes than those who fasted.

Keywords

• Fasting
• pregnancy
• religion

References

1. Atan ÖF. Bakara Sûresinin 184. ayeti bağlamında orucun fıkhî boyutu ve tâkat tartışmaları. Diyanet İlmi Dergi. 2020;56(3): 999-1018.
2. Oruç. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/oruc#1. Accessed March 5, 2023.
3. Muslim Population by Country 2023. https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/muslim-population-by-country . Accessed March 5, 2023.
4. Glazier JD, Hayes DJL, Hussain S, et al. The effect of Ramadan fasting during pregnancy on perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018;18(1): 421. doi:10.1186/s12884-018-2048-y
5. Leimer B, Pradella F, Fruth A. Queisser A, van Ewijk R. Ramadan observance during pregnancy in Germany: a challenge for prenatal care. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 2018;78(7): 684-689. doi:10.1055/a-0633-1720
6. Oosterwijk VNL, Molenaar JM, van Bilsen LA, Jong JKDC. Ramadan fasting during pregnancy and health outcomes in offspring: a systematic review. Nutrients. 2021;13(10): 3450. doi:10.3390/nu13103450
7. Seiermann AU, Al-Mufti H, Waid JL, Wendt AS, Sobhan S, Gabrysch S. Women's fasting habits and dietary diversity during Ramadan in rural Bangladesh. Matern Child Nutr. 2021;17(3): e13135. doi:10.1111/mcn.13135
8. Bayoglu Tekin Y, Guvendag Guven ES. Mete Ural U, Yazici ZA. Kirbas A, Kir Sahin F. Evaluation of the effects of fasting associated dehydration on maternal NGAL levels and fetal renal artery Doppler parameters. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29(4):629-632. doi:10.3109/14767058.2015.1014789

9. Tith RM, Bilodeau-Bertrand M, Lee GE, Healy-Profitós J, Auger N. Fasting during Ramadan increases risk of very preterm birth among Arabic-speaking women. J Nutr. 2019;149(10):1826–1832. doi:10.1093/jn/nxz126
10. Sakar MN, Gultekin H, Demir B, et al. Ramadan fasting and pregnancy: Implications for fetal development in summer season. J Perinat Med. 2015;43(3):319-323. doi:10.1515/jpm-2013-0289
11. Safari K, Piro TJ, Ahmad HM. Perspectives and pregnancy outcomes of maternal Ramadan fasting in the second trimester of pregnancy. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19(1):128. doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2275-x
12. Savitri AI, Painter RC, Lindeboom M, Roseboom TJ, van Ewijk RJG. Ramadan exposure and birth outcomes: A population-based study from the Netherlands. Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease. 2020;11(6):664-671. doi:10.1017/S2040174419000837
13. Alshehri AM, Barner JC, Wong, SL, Ibrahim KR, Qureshi S. Perceptions among Muslims regarding fasting, medication use and provider engagement during Ramadan in the United States. Int J Health Plann Manage. 2021;36(3): 945-957. doi:10.1002/hpm.3147
14. Ghazal K, Khazaal J, Chahine, R., et al. Ramadan fasting during pregnancy: characteristics and outcomes. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2020;9(10):3936-3943. doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20204275
15. Placek C, Mohanty S, Bhoi GK, Joshi A, Rollins L. Religion, fetal protection, and fasting during pregnancy in three subcultures. Human Nature. 2022;33(3):329-348. doi:10.1007/s12110-022-09433-z
16. Lou A, Hammoud M. Muslim patients’ expectations and attitudes about Ramadan fasting during pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2016;132(3): 321-324. doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.07.028
17. Uludağ E, Göral Türkcü S. Ramadan fasting as a religious obligation: a qualitative study on opinions and experiences of Muslim pregnant women about fasting in Turkey. J Relig Health. 2022;61(4):2960-2974. doi:10.1007/s10943-022-01588-4
18. Ok, Ü. Religious attitude scale: scale development and validation. Journal of Human Sciences. 2011;8(2): 528-549.
19. Smith V. Muldoon K, Brady V, et al. Assessing fetal movements in pregnancy: a qualitative evidence synthesis of women’s views, perspectives and experiences. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021;21:197. doi:10.1186/s12884-021-03667-y
20. Nourimand F, Bahia SJ, Namavar AN, et al. Studying the correlation between spiritual well-being and religious attitude with mental health and quality of life in pregnant women. Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences. 2020;14(1):681-684.
21. Dokuhaki S, Ghodrati F. Investigation of relationship between maternal religious attitude and mental health of infant at birth. Women’s Health Bulletin. 2019;6(3): 36-40. doi:10.5812/whb.93292
22. Polat F, Karasu F, Yıldız M. The Effect of religious attitudes on anxiety and psychological well-being in risky pregnancies: a cross-sectional study from Turkey. J Relig Health. 2022;61(4): 2992-3010. doi:10.1007/s10943-022-01597-3