Diyabetik Ratlarda Ketojenik Diyet ve Western Diyetin Retina Üzerine Etkilerinin Karşılaştırılması

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, DM oluşturulmuş ratlarda farklı beslenme tarzlarının retina üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmak. Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmamızda sağlıklı ve normal beslenme uygulanmış (Grup 1), DM oluşturularak normal beslenme uygulanmış (Grup 2), DM oluşturularak KD uygulanmış (Grup 3), DM oluşturularak WD uygulanmış (Grup 4) olmak üzere toplam 4 grup oluşturuldu. Doku kesitlerinden VEGF ve Caspase-3 immünohistokimyasal boyama yöntemi kullanılarak histoskorlama yapıldı. Hematoksilen-eozin ile boyanan retina tabakalarının kalınlıkları karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Retinaların VEGF ile boyanmasında Grup 3’te az yoğun boyanma daha yüksek oranda bulundu (p: 0.018). Caspase-3 ile retinaların boyanmasında gruplar arasında anlamlı fark görülmedi (p: 0.65). Retina tabakalarının kalınlıkları karşılaştırıldığında; iç nükleer, iç pleksiform, dış nükleer ve ganglion tabakalarının Grup 4’te diğer gruplardan anlamlı olarak kalın olduğu görüldü (Sırasıyla p değerleri <0.001, 0.013, 0.006, 0.017). Koroid kalınlıkları açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı fark görülmedi (p: 0.118). Sonuç: Ketojenik diyetin western tipi diyete göre faydalı veya daha az zararlı olduğu söylenebilir. Ancak ketojenik diyetle ilgili kısa vadede olumlu sonuçlar bildirilmesine karşın uzun vadede etkisi bilinmemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Caspase-3
• diyabetik retinopati
• ketojenic diyet
• VEGF
• western diyet

Comparison of the Effects of the Ketogenic Diet and Western Diet on the Retina in Rats with Diabetes

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of different diets on the retina in rats with diabetes mellitus (DM). Materials and Methods: In our study, a total of 4 groups were formed: healthy and regular diet (Group 1), DM-induced and regular diet (Group 2), DM-induced and ketogenic diet (KD) (Group 3), DM-induced and western diet (WD) (Group 4). Tissue sections were histo-scored using Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Caspase-3 immunohistochemical staining method. The thicknesses of the retinal layers stained with hematoxylin-eosin were compared. Results: Retinal staining with VEGF revealed a greater incidence of low-intensity staining in Group 3 (p: 0.018). There was no notable disparity observed across the groups in the staining of the retinas with Caspase-3 (p: 0.65). When the thicknesses of the retinal layers were compared, it was observed that the inner-outer nuclear, inner plexiform and ganglion layers were significantly thicker in the WD group than the other groups (p values <0.001, 0.013, 0.006, 0.017, respectively). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding choroidal thickness (p: 0.118). Conclusions: The KD can be considered advantageous or less detrimental compared to the WD. Nevertheless, while the ketogenic diet has shown beneficial outcomes in the short term, its long-term impact remains uncertain.

Keywords

• Caspase-3
• diabetic retinopathy
• ketogenic diet
• VEGF
• western diet

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