Determination of Cardiovascular Risk Awareness and Related Factors in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Mixed-Method Study

Abstract

Objective: The study aimed to determine cardiovascular risk awareness and related factors in patients with diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted between March 15, 2025, and December 2, 2025, using a mixed-methods design (descriptive, correlational, and phenomenological). A total of 154 patients participated in the quantitative phase, and 12 patients participated in the qualitative phase. The “Patient Information Form, Cardiovascular Risk Awareness Scale, and Semi-Structured Interview Form” were used for data collection. The study was conducted in two parts: a questionnaire was administered in the first, and interviews were conducted in the second. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews. SPSS 25 was used for the analysis of quantitative data, and MAXQDA 24 was used for the study of qualitative findings. Results: The average cardiovascular risk awareness of the patients was 29.88±7.03. According to regression analysis, the independent variables predicted cardiovascular risk awareness with 21.5 percent accuracy (F = 6.982, p < 0.001). Cardiovascular risk awareness was directly affected by gender, occupation, marital status, treatment compliance, smoking, and exercise or walking (p < 0.005). The qualitative findings consisted of the main theme “disease management” and the subthemes “awareness, lack of knowledge, and fatalism.” Conclusion: The cardiovascular risk awareness of the patients was low. Individual factors significantly affected awareness. Eliminating patients’ lack of knowledge may increase their understanding and prevent fatalistic tendencies.

Keywords

• Diabetes mellitus
• cardiovascular disease
• risk
• awareness

Diabetes Mellitus Hastalarında Kardiyovasküler Risk Farkındalığı ve Ilişkili Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi: Karma Yöntem Araştırması

Abstract

Amaç: Çalışma Diyabetes Mellitus’lu hastaların kardiyovasküler risk farkındalıklarının ve ilişkili faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapıldı. Materyal ve Metot: Çalışma 15 Mart 2025 ve 2 Aralık 2025 tarihleri arasında karma desen türünde (tanımlayıcı, ilişki arayıcı ve fenomenolojik tür) yapıldı. Nicel kısma 154 nitel kısma 12 hasta katıldı. Verilerin toplanmasında “Hasta tanıtım formu, kardiyovasküler risk farkındalığı ölçeği ve yarı yapılandırılmış soru formu” kullanıldı. Çalışma iki kısımda yürütüldü birinci kısımda anket yapıldı ikinci kısımda röportaj yapıldı. Veriler yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile toplandı. Nicel verilerin analizinde SPSS 25, Nitel bulguların analizinde MAXQDA 24 programı kullanıldı. Bulgular: Hastaların kardiyovasküler risk farkındalığı ortalamaları 29,88±7,03’tür. Regresyon analizine göre kardiyovasküler risk farkındalığını bağımsız değişkenler %21,5 oranında yordamaktadır (F=6,982, p<0.001). Kardiyovasküler risk farkındalığını, cinsiyet, meslek, medeni durum, tedavi uyumu, sigara kullanımı, egzersiz ya da yürüyüş yapma doğrudan etkilemektedir (p<0.005). Nitel bulgular ise “hastalık yönetimi” ana teması, “farkındalık, bilgi eksikliği ve kadercilik” alt temalarından oluşmuştur. Sonuç: Hastaların kardiyovasküler risk farkındalığı düşüktür. Farkındalığı bireysel faktörler önemli oranda etkilemektedir. Hastaların bilgi eksikliğinin giderilmesi onların farkındalığını artırabilir ve kaderci yaklaşımlarını önleyebilir.

Keywords

• kardiyovasküler hastalık
• Diyabetes mellitus
• farkındalık
• risk

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