Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu (OSB) Hastalarında Diş Sağlığı Endişeleri: Bir İnceleme

Abstract

Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu (OSB), iletişim, sosyal etkileşim ve davranış bozukluklarıyla karakterize edilen nörogelişimsel bir durumdur. Duyusal hassasiyetler, beslenme alışkanlıkları, ilaç kullanımı ve kendine bakım zorlukları, ağız sağlığı sorunları riskini artırır ve diş hizmetlerine erişimi sınırlar. Bu anlatı ve betimleyici inceleme, kapsam yöntemi kullanılarak OSB'li bireylerin ağız sağlığı durumlarını değerlendirmiş ve diş bakımındaki engelleri belirlemiştir. Çalışmalarda, OSB'li bireylerde daha kötü ağız hijyeni, artan diş çürüğü, diş eti ve periodontal hastalıklar, maloklüzyon, bruksizm ve diş travması bildirilmiştir. Katkıda bulunan faktörler arasında kariojenik yiyecek tercihleri, motor becerilerde bozulma, davranışsal zorluklar, duyusal aşırı hassasiyet, kendine zarar veren davranışlar ve ilaçların ağız üzerindeki etkileri yer almaktadır. Başlıca engeller arasında diş kaygısı, yetersiz mesleki eğitim, sınırlı uzman hizmetleri, finansal kısıtlamalar, uzun bekleme süreleri ve bakıcı stresi yer alıyordu. Geliştirilmiş bakım veren eğitimi, mesleki eğitim, davranışsal stratejiler ve kapsayıcı diş ortamları, bu popülasyonda ağız sağlığı sonuçlarını artırmak için gereklidir.

Keywords

• Otizm spektrum bozukluğu
• ağız sağlığı hizmetlerindeki engeller
• diş çürüğü
• diş travması
• ağız sağlığı

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma davetli bir incelemedir. Etik komite onayı gerekmez.

Dental Health Concerns in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Review

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in communication, social interaction, and behavior. Sensory sensitivities, dietary habits, medication use, and difficulties with self-care increase the risk of oral health problems and limit access to dental services. This narrative and descriptive review, using a scoping methodology, evaluated oral health conditions among individuals with ASD and identified barriers to dental care. Studies reported poorer oral hygiene, increased dental caries, gingival and periodontal diseases, malocclusion, bruxism, and dental trauma among individuals with ASD. Contributing factors included cariogenic food preferences, impaired motor skills, behavioral challenges, sensory hypersensitivity, self-injurious behaviors, and medication-related oral effects. Major barriers included dental anxiety, inadequate professional training, limited specialized services, financial constraints, long waiting times, and caregiver stress. Improved caregiver education, professional training, behavioral strategies, and inclusive dental environments are essential to enhance oral health outcomes in this population.

Keywords

• Autism spectrum disorder
• barriers to oral health care
• dental caries
• dental trauma
• oral health

Ethical Statement

This study is an invited review. Ethics committee approval is not required.

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