Almanya'da Yaşayan Türk Göçmenlerin Ruh Sağlığının Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2019, , 464 - 475, 31.12.2019

Murat Eren Ozen , Gulumser Peltek Mehmet Hamdi Orum , Aysun Kalenderoglu , Salih Selek

https://doi.org/10.26453/otjhs.484568

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de yaşayan Türkler (TYT) ile
Almanya'daki Türk göçmenler (AYT) arasında sosyal anksiyete düzeyi açısından
bir fark olup olmadığını belirlemeyi amaçladık. AYT’lerin Liebowitz Sosyal
Anksiyete Ölçeği'nin (LSAS) alt ölçeklerden kaçınma ve kaygı düzeyinin diğer gruba
göre daha yüksek puan alacağı varsayılarak bu çalışma planlandı. Bu çalışmaya
Facebook'un Harran Üniversitesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı web sitesi
aracılığıyla 120 kişi alındı. Bu deneyde, katılımcılar sosyodemografik
özellikler, ve LSAS üzerinde puanları açısından değerlendirildi. Sosyal kaygı
(t (n) = 1,15, p = 0,25) ve sosyal kaçınma (t (n) = 1,67, p = 0,1) gibi
alanlarda anlamlı olmayan bulgular elde edildi. AYT’lerin toplum içinde
telefonla görüşme, bir toplantıda konuşma, tanımadığı insanlara onay vermeme,
bir gruba bir konu hakkında rapor sunmayla ilgili konularda olumsuz anlamda
daha yüksek puanlara sahip olduğu, ancak bu bulguların anlamlı olmadığı
görülmüştür. Daha büyük örneklemlerle yapılacak çalışmalara ihtiyaç
duyulmaktadır.

Keywords

Kültürlerarası psikiyatri, sosyal kaygı, sosyal kaçınma, Türk göçmenler, Almanya

The Evaluation of Mental Health of Turkish Immigrants Living in Germany

Abstract

This
study aimed to identify if there is a difference between the Turkish people
living in Turkey (TPTs) and the Turkish immigrants living in Germany (TIGs)
regarding the social anxiety level. It is hypothesized that the TIG group would
score higher on the subscales avoidance and anxiety level of the Liebowitz
Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) compared to the other group. For this study, 120
subjects were recruited through the Facebook official website of the Psychiatry
department of the Harran University. In this study, participants fill out a
questionnaire on sociodemographic properties and score on LSAS. The results of
this data displayed a non-significant outcome on subscales, social anxiety (t
(n) = 1.15, p = 0.25) and social avoidance (t (n) = 1.67, p = 0.1). It is
demonstrated that TIGs had higher scores in the items related to telephoning in
public, speaking up at a meeting, expressing a disagreement or disapproval to
foreign, giving a report to a group, but these findings were not significant. Further
studies with larger sample size are needed.

Keywords

Cross-cultural psychiatry, social anxiety, social avoidance, Turkish immigrants, Germany

References

• Suzuki PT. Psychological problems of Turkish migrants in west germany. Am J Psychother. 1981;35(2):187-194.
• Schneider J. “Ausländer" (Foreigners), migrants, or new Germans? Identity-building processes and school socialization among adolescents from immigrant backgrounds in Germany. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 2018;2018(160):59-73.
• Ikram UZ, Malmusi D, Juel K, Rey G, Kunst AE. Association between Integration Policies and Immigrants' Mortality: An Explorative Study across Three European Countries. PLoS One. 2015;10(6):e0129916.
• Mills T, Henretta J. Racial, ethnic, and sociodemographic differences in the level of psychosocial distress among older Americans. Research on Aging. 2001;23(2):131-152.
• Ayon C. Latino immigrant family socialization scale: Develop-ment and validation of a multidimensional ethnic-racial socialization measurement. Soc Work. 2018;63(3):222-233.
• Breslau J, Borges G, Tancredi D, et al. Migration from Mexico to the United States and subsequent risk for depressive and anxiety disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68(4):428-433.
• Bermejo I, Kriston L, Härter M. Depression and anxiety in elderly immigrants in Germany a transcultural analysis. Ment Health Addict Res. 2016;1(1):6-12.
• Cakin-Memik N, Sismanlar SG, Yildiz O, et al. Social anxiety level in Turkish adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2010;19(10):765-772.
• Tezcan T. On the move in search of health and care: Circular migration and family conflict amongst older Turkish immigrants in Germany. J Aging Stud. 2018;46:82-92.
• Leyendecker B, Agache A. Involvement of Turkish Immigrant Fathers Elevates Children's Well-Being. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr. 2016;65(1):57-74.
• Morawa E, Erim Y. Acculturation and depressive symptoms among Turkish immigrants in Germany. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014; 11(9): 9503-9521.
• Lubbers M, Jaspers E, Ultee W. Primary and secondary socialization impacts on support for same-sex marriage after legalization in the Netherlands. Journal of Family Issues. 2009;30:1714-1745.
• Schrader A, Nikles BW, Griese HM. Die zweite generation: Sozialisation und akkulturation ausländischer kinder in der bundesrepublik. Königstein TS: Athenäum; 1987.
• Mackey WF. Language teaching analysis. London: Longmans, Green. Toronto: Longmans of Canada; 1965.
• Bogic M, Nioku A, Priebe S. Long-term mental health of war-refugees: a systematic literature review. BMJ Int Health Hum Rights. 2015;15:29.
• https://tr-tr.facebook.com/ pages/category/ Community-College/ Harran-Psikiyatri-176477399096826/. Erişim Tarihi: 11.10.2018. 1 Soykan C, Ozguven HD, Gençöz T. Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale: The Turkish version. Psychol Rep. 2003;93(3 Pt 2):1059-1069.
• Kirmayer LJ, Narasiah L, Munoz M, et al. Common mental health problems in immigrants and refugees: general approach in primary care. CMAJ. 2011;183(12):E959-967.
• Morawa E, Erim Y. Acculturation and depressive symptoms among Turkish immigrants in Germany. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014;11(9): 9503-9521.
• Müller MJ, Koch E. Perceived discrimination in patients with psychiatric disorder and Turkish migration background in Germany. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2016;204(7):542-546.
• Janssen MM, Verhulst FC, Bengi-Arslan L, Erol N, Salter CJ, Crijnen AA. Comparison of self-reported emotional and behavioral problems in Turkish immigrant, Dutch and Turkish adolescents. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2004;39(2):133-140.
• Ozen ME, Kalenderoglu A, Orum MH, Egilmez OB. Topiramate add-on for treatment of migraine-type headache cures alcohol dependence: A case report. Journal of Mood Disorders (JMOOD). 2017;7(4):241-242.
• Orum MH, Kara MZ, Egilmez OB. Relationship between immune cells and alcohol dependents and controls: what about the lymphocyte-related ratios? J Immunoassay Immunochem. 2018;39(3):348-350.
• Orum MH, Kustepe A, Kara MZ, Dumlupinar E, Egilmez OB, Ozen ME, Kalenderoglu A. Addiction profiles of patients with substance dependency living in Adiyaman province. Med Science. 2018;7(2):369-372.
• Orum MH, Kara MZ, Egilmez OB. Determination of vitamin B12, folate, and ferritin levels of inpatients in a psychiatry clinic: A one-year retrospective study. FNG Bilim Tıp Dergisi. 2018;4(2):71-78.
• Orum MH, Kara MZ, Egilmez OB, Ozen ME, Kalenderoglu A. Evaluation of probation implementations of drug users in Adiyaman university training and research hospital: A one-year retrospective study. Med Science. 2018;7(4):754-758.
• Grant BF, Chou SP, Saha TD, et al. Prevalence of 12-Month Alcohol Use, High-Risk Drinking, and DSM-IV Alcohol Use Disorder in the United States, 2001-2002 to 2012-2013: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017;74(9):911-923.
• European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Statistical Bulletin 2018, Prevalence of Drug Use. http://www.emcdda. europa. eu/data/stats2018/gps. Erişim Tarihi: 08.10.2018.
• European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), 2014. European drug report: New trends and developments. Annual Report. http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/ files/publications/985/REITOX_Report_2014_Germany_EN.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 08.09.2018.
• European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), 2014. European drug report: New developments, trends and in-depth information on selected issues. Annual Report. www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/1012/2014%20TURKISH%20DRUG%20REPORT.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 12.09.2018.