Research Article
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Assessment of the Knowledge and Attitudes of Medical School Students About Fever in Children

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 1 - 12, 31.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.26453/otjhs.453182

Abstract

For accurate evaluation of body temperature in children, the correct technique and appropriate site for measurement must be used. This study examined the current attitudes of medical students on temperature measurement methods and definition of fever in children. A 10-item questionnaire was administered to 96 medical school students in face-to-face interviews. Four (1-4) questions were about the temperature measurement methods, 5 questions (5-9) were about the definition of fever and 1 question (10) was about to first approach to febrile children. Forty three (44.8%), 10 (10.4%) and 10 of participants would use digital, mercury-in-glass and infrared (forehead) thermometers, respectively, for measurement of body temperature. Thirty one students believed that digital thermometers were more accurate for measurement; however, 24 students considered the infrared and 16 students considered the mercury-in-glass thermometers to be accurate type. Nineteen participants had no idea about accurate type of thermometers. Almost half of the students (42.8%) considered a temperature of more than 37.5 °C to be a fever in children. Twenty (20.8%), 15 (15.6%) and 12 (12.5%) persons believed that 37 °C, 38 °C and 36.5 °C, respectively, were the upper limit of normal body temperature. Body temperature varies at different sites of temperature measurement according to 76% of the students, however, 18.8% believed that it is constant in all sites. Although more than 80% of students suggested removing clothes, warm water bath or tepid sponging on forehead and axilla as a first step in the management of a febrile child, almost no one was suggesting to give antipyretics or cold water bath. In conclusion, the majority of medical school students had inadequate knowledge and attitudes on temperature measurement methods, and evaluation and management of fever in children.

References

  • Berkowitz CD. Fever. In: Tintinalli JE, Kelen GD, Stapezynski JS (eds). Emergency Medicine: A comprehensive study guide. 6th Ed. United States of America, Mc Graw Hill; 2004: 749–751.
  • Batra P, Saha A, Faridi MM. Thermometry in children. J Emerg Trauma Shock. 2012;5(3):246-249.
  • Paes BF, Vermeulen K, Brohet RM, van der Ploeg T, de Winter JP. Accuracy of tympanic and infrared skin thermometers in children. Arch Dis Child. 2010;95:974.
  • Polat M, Kara S, Tezer H, Tapısız A, Derinöz O, Dolgun A. A current analysis of caregivers' approaches to fever and antipyretic usage. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2014;8(3):365-371.
  • Yıldırım A, Bozaykut A, Dalkan C . 6 Ay – 6 Yaş Arası Yüksek Ateşli Çocukların Annelerinin Ateş Bilinç Seviyesinin Değerlendirilmesi. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg/Turkish J Pediatr Dis. 2014;4:201-207.
  • Alpern ER, Henretig FM. Fever. In: Fleisher GR, Ludwig S, Bachur RG, ve ark,(eds). Textbook of Pediatric Emergency Medicine. 6th Ed., Philadelphia, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2010: 266-276.
  • Zhen C, Xia Z, Long L, Pu Y. Accuracy of infrared ear thermometry in children: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2014;53(12):1158-1165.
  • Hamilton PA, Marcos LS, Secic M. Performance of infrared ear and forehead thermometers: a comparative study in 205 febrile and afebrile children. J Clin Nurs. 2013;22(17-18):2509-2518.
  • Hoffman RJ, Etwaru K, Dreisinger N, Khokhar A, Husk G. Comparison of temporal artery thermometry and rectal thermometry in febrile pediatric emergency department patients. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2013;29(3):301-304.
  • Ward MA. Fever: Pathogenesis and treatment. In: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, ve ark. (eds). Feigin and Cherry’s Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 7th Ed. Philadelphia, Elsevier Saunders; 2014: 83.
  • Rush M, Wetherall A. Temperature measurement: practice guidelines. Paediatr Nurs. 2003;15(9):25-28.
  • Chiappini E, Principi N, Longhi R, et al; Writing Committee of the Italian Pediatric Society Panel for the Management of Fever in Children. Management of fever in children: summary of the Italian Pediatric Society guidelines. Clin Ther. 2009;31(8):1826-1843.
  • National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health (UK). Feverish Illness in Children: Assessment and Initial Management in Children Younger Than 5 Years. London: Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists (UK); 2013 May. http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG160 (Accessed on July 20, 2015).
  • Ward MA, Hannemann NL. Fever: Pathogenesis and treatment. In: Cherry JD, Harrison G, Kaplan SL, et al (eds). Feigin and Cherry’s Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 8th ed, Philadelphia, Elsevier; 2018: p.52.
  • Brown AJS. Assessing the sick child. In: Edward Alan Glasper, Gillian McEwing, Jim Richardson (eds). Oxford Handbook of Children's and Young People's Nursing, Newyork, Oxford University Press; 2007: 89-103.
  • Nield LS, Kamat D. Fever. In: Kliegman RM , Stanton BF, St. Geme JW, Schor NF, Behrman RE (eds). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 20th Ed., Philadelphia, Elsevier/Saunders; 2016: 1277-1279.

Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Çocukluk Yaş Grubunda Ateşle İlgili Bilgi ve Tutumlarının Değerlendirilmesi.

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 1 - 12, 31.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.26453/otjhs.453182

Abstract

Çocuklarda vücut sıcaklığı farklı
tekniklerle ve farklı yerlerden ölçülmekte ve bu da değerlendirmeyi
etkilemektedir. Biz bu çalışmada, tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin çocuklardaki
ateş ölçüm yöntemleri ve bunların değerlendirilmesiyle ilgili bilgi ve tutumlarını
değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Tıp Fakültesi’nde öğrenim gören 96 öğrenciye ikili
görüşmeyle 10 soruluk bir anket uygulandı. İlk 4 soru vücut sıcaklığı ölçüm
metotlarıyla, sonraki 5 soru ateş tanımı ile, son soru da ateşli çocuğa
yapılacak ilk girişimle ilgili idi. Öğrencilerin % 44,8’i (43 kişi) çocuklarda
vücut sıcaklığını ölçerken dijital termometre kullandığını belirtirken,  10 (% 10,4) öğrenci civalı, 10 öğrenci
infrared (alından) termometre kullandığını ifade etti. Hangi termometrenin vücut
ısısını daha doğru ölçtüğü sorusuna öğrencilerin 31’i dijital, 24’ü infrared ve
16’sı civalı termometre cevabını verirken 19’u bu konuda fikri olmadığını
söyledi. Öğrencilerin yarıya yakını (% 42,8) ateş demek için çocuklarda vücut
sıcaklığının üst sınırı olarak 37.5 °C’yi kabul etmekteydi. Yirmi kişi (%20,8)
37 °C, 15 kişi (%15,6) 38 °C ve 12 kişi de (%12,5) 36.5 °C’yi ateş sınırı
olarak belirtmişti. Katılanların %76’sı vücut sıcaklığının ölçüldüğü yere göre
değiştiğini, %18,8’i ise değişmediğini belirtmekteydi.Yüksek ateş saptanan
çocuğa ilk müdahale olarak öğrencilerin % 80’den fazlası giysileri çıkarma,
ılık suyla duş veya alın-koltuk altına pansuman önerirken, antipiretik ilaç
veren veya soğuk suyla duş öneren hemen hemen yoktu.
Sonuç olarak, tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin
önemli bir kısmının çocuk hastalarda vücut sıcaklığının ölçüm tekniği,
değerlendirilmesi ve yönetimi konusundaki bilgi ve tutumlarının yetersiz olduğu
gözlendi.

References

  • Berkowitz CD. Fever. In: Tintinalli JE, Kelen GD, Stapezynski JS (eds). Emergency Medicine: A comprehensive study guide. 6th Ed. United States of America, Mc Graw Hill; 2004: 749–751.
  • Batra P, Saha A, Faridi MM. Thermometry in children. J Emerg Trauma Shock. 2012;5(3):246-249.
  • Paes BF, Vermeulen K, Brohet RM, van der Ploeg T, de Winter JP. Accuracy of tympanic and infrared skin thermometers in children. Arch Dis Child. 2010;95:974.
  • Polat M, Kara S, Tezer H, Tapısız A, Derinöz O, Dolgun A. A current analysis of caregivers' approaches to fever and antipyretic usage. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2014;8(3):365-371.
  • Yıldırım A, Bozaykut A, Dalkan C . 6 Ay – 6 Yaş Arası Yüksek Ateşli Çocukların Annelerinin Ateş Bilinç Seviyesinin Değerlendirilmesi. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg/Turkish J Pediatr Dis. 2014;4:201-207.
  • Alpern ER, Henretig FM. Fever. In: Fleisher GR, Ludwig S, Bachur RG, ve ark,(eds). Textbook of Pediatric Emergency Medicine. 6th Ed., Philadelphia, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2010: 266-276.
  • Zhen C, Xia Z, Long L, Pu Y. Accuracy of infrared ear thermometry in children: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2014;53(12):1158-1165.
  • Hamilton PA, Marcos LS, Secic M. Performance of infrared ear and forehead thermometers: a comparative study in 205 febrile and afebrile children. J Clin Nurs. 2013;22(17-18):2509-2518.
  • Hoffman RJ, Etwaru K, Dreisinger N, Khokhar A, Husk G. Comparison of temporal artery thermometry and rectal thermometry in febrile pediatric emergency department patients. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2013;29(3):301-304.
  • Ward MA. Fever: Pathogenesis and treatment. In: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, ve ark. (eds). Feigin and Cherry’s Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 7th Ed. Philadelphia, Elsevier Saunders; 2014: 83.
  • Rush M, Wetherall A. Temperature measurement: practice guidelines. Paediatr Nurs. 2003;15(9):25-28.
  • Chiappini E, Principi N, Longhi R, et al; Writing Committee of the Italian Pediatric Society Panel for the Management of Fever in Children. Management of fever in children: summary of the Italian Pediatric Society guidelines. Clin Ther. 2009;31(8):1826-1843.
  • National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health (UK). Feverish Illness in Children: Assessment and Initial Management in Children Younger Than 5 Years. London: Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists (UK); 2013 May. http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG160 (Accessed on July 20, 2015).
  • Ward MA, Hannemann NL. Fever: Pathogenesis and treatment. In: Cherry JD, Harrison G, Kaplan SL, et al (eds). Feigin and Cherry’s Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 8th ed, Philadelphia, Elsevier; 2018: p.52.
  • Brown AJS. Assessing the sick child. In: Edward Alan Glasper, Gillian McEwing, Jim Richardson (eds). Oxford Handbook of Children's and Young People's Nursing, Newyork, Oxford University Press; 2007: 89-103.
  • Nield LS, Kamat D. Fever. In: Kliegman RM , Stanton BF, St. Geme JW, Schor NF, Behrman RE (eds). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 20th Ed., Philadelphia, Elsevier/Saunders; 2016: 1277-1279.
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research article
Authors

Osman Sami Akman This is me 0000-0003-4165-0272

Akın Torun 0000-0003-2791-9538

Engin Aydın 0000-0002-7374-5607

Mustafa Büyükavcı 0000-0002-9054-3134

Publication Date March 31, 2019
Submission Date August 15, 2018
Acceptance Date October 20, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

AMA Akman OS, Torun A, Aydın E, Büyükavcı M. Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Çocukluk Yaş Grubunda Ateşle İlgili Bilgi ve Tutumlarının Değerlendirilmesi. OTJHS. March 2019;4(1):1-12. doi:10.26453/otjhs.453182

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