Maternal Obezite ile İlişkili Risklerin Kanıt Temelli Yönetimi

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 176 - 187, 31.03.2020

Zümrüt Bilgin

https://doi.org/10.26453/otjhs.475513

Abstract

Obezite,
vücut yağlarının aşırı artmasıyla karakterize Beden Kitle İndeksi (BMİ)’nin 30
kg/m² veya daha fazla olması durumudur. Obezite prevalansının son
yıllarda önemli ölçüde artış gösterdiği, dünyadaki 18 yaş ve üstü yetişkin
kadınların %40'ının aşırı kilolu, %15'inin obez olduğu bildirilmektedir.
Gebelikte obezite prevalansının %1,8 ila %25,3 arasında değiştiği, obezitenin pek
çok maternal ve fetal riske neden olduğu bilinmektedir. Obezite sorunu annede;
gestasyonel diyabet, hipertansiyon, preeklampsi, acil sezaryen, artışı ile;
fetüste ise prematürite, ölü doğum, konjenital anomaliler, makrozomi ve
çocukluk obezitesi artışı ile ilişkilidir. Ayrıca obez gebelerde vajinal veya sezaryen doğum sırasında ya da
sonrasında çeşitli komplikasyonların geliştiği, anne ve bebeklerinin daha uzun
süre hastanede kaldığı bilinmektedir. Gebelik öncesi, sırası ve sonrasında
değiştirilebilir yaşam bicimi davranışları yoluyla kilonun kontrol altına
alınması, obezite ile ilişkili maternal ve fetal risklerin önlenmesi için
gerekli girişimlerin zamanında planlanması önemlidir.  Bu derlemede, maternal obezite ile ilişkili risklerin kanıt temelli yönetiminin
özetlenmesi amaçlandı.

Keywords

Maternal obezite, obezite riskleri, kanıt temelli bakım

Evidence-Based Management of Risks Associated with Maternal Obesity

Abstract

Obesity is a medical problem which is characterized by excessive increase in body fat and negatively affects the health of the indivi-dual. The prevalence of obesity is increasing gradually among reproductive age women and pregnant women all over the world and in our country. 40% of adult women aged 18 and over in the world are overweight and 15% are obese. The prevalence of obe-sity in pregnancy varies between 1.8% and 25.3%. Maternal obe-sity before and during pregnancy affects both mother and newborn. Whin obesity problem causes gestational diabetes, preec-lampsia, cesarean section increase in mother;in fetus, it causes premature, stillbirth, congenital anomaly, macrosomia and increase in childhood obesity. However, in the obese pregnant women develop various complications after birth and it is known that mothers and their babies stay in hospital for longer. It is very important to know the effects and risks of obesity on maternal health and neonatal health. Multidisciplinary a care should be given to women in order to prevent and manage the risks associated with obesity before, during and after pregnancy. In this review, aimed to summarize the possible risks and evidence-based management of maternal obesity.

Keywords

Maternal obesity, obesity risks, evidence - based care

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