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Immunization Status of HIV-Positive Patients Followed in Infectious Disease Clinic at a University Hospital

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 407 - 413, 01.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.26453/otjhs.1055961

Abstract

Objective: Great development have been made in the management of patients diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) with antiretroviral therapy (ART), and HIV has transformed from a fatal disease to a chronic disease. The importance of screening some infectious diseases and vaccinating seronegative individuals has increased with the prolongation of life expectancy in individuals living with HIV. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the immunization status of HIV positive patients followed in our outpatient clinic against vaccine preventable diseases such as measles, rubella, mumps, varicella (VZV), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis A (HAV), pneumococcus, meningococcus, influenza.
Materials and Methods: 79 HIV-positive patients followed in our infectious diseases outpatient clinic between 2013-2021 were retrospectively analyzed.
Results: Of 79 patients, 14 (18%) were female and 65 (82%) were male, with a mean age of 41±13.88 (min:20-max:76). The seropositivity rates of the patients were 99% for VZV, 97% for rubella and mumps, 93% for measles, and 80% for HAV. As a result of HBV tests, 43% of the patients were found to be anti-HBs positive, 49% seronegative for HBV, and 8% had chronic hepatitis B infection. It was determined that 71% of the patients were vaccinated annually for influenza, 57% for pneumococcus and 56% for meningococcal vaccines.
Conclusion: The number of HIV/AIDS patients is increasing every year in our country. It is important to determine the immunity status of these patients against vaccine-preventable diseases and to make the necessary vaccinations. 

References

  • World Health Organization. Data on the size of the HIV/AIDS epidemic 2021. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/topic-details/GHO/data-on-the-size-of-the-hiv-aids-epidemic?lang=en. Erişim tarihi 16 Şubat 2022.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü Bulaşıcı Hastalıklar Dairesi Başkanlığı. HIV-AIDS İstatistikleri 2021. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/bulasici-hastaliklar/862-hivaids/1135-h%c4%B1v-aids-istatislik.html. Erişim tarihi 8 Ocak 2022.
  • Kao JH, Chen DS. Global control of hepatitis B virus infection. Lancet Infect Dis. 2002;2(7):395-403. doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(02)00315-8
  • Grabmeier-Pfistershammer K, Poeppl W, Herkner H, ve ark. High need for MMR vaccination in HIV infected adults in Austria. Vaccine. 2014;32(45):6020-6023. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.07.114
  • Schwarze-Zander C, Draenert R, Lehmann C, ve ark. Measles, mumps, rubella and VZV: importance of serological testing of vaccine-preventable diseases in young adults living with HIV in Germany. Epidemiol Infect. 2017;145(2):236-244.
  • Geretti AM, Doyle T. Immunization for HIV-positive individuals. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2010;23(1):32-38. doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e328334fec4
  • Llenas-García J, Rubio R, Hernando A, Arrazola P, Pulido F. Do HIV positive adult immigrants need to be screened for measles-mumps rubella and varicella zoster virüs immunization? AIDS Care. 2013;25(8):980-989. doi:10.1080/09540121.2012.748881
  • Chaiwarith R, Praparattanapan J, Nuket K, Kotarathitithum W, Supparatpinyo K. Seroprevalence of antibodies to measles, mumps, and rubella, and serologic responses after vaccination among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infected adults in Northern Thailand. BMC Infect Dis. 2016. doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1499-x
  • Bruzzese E, Pagano F, Diana A, Punzi L, Guarino A. Protection of vaccine preventable diseases in a population of hıv-ınfected children: A 3 years prospective study. Vaccines. 2021;9(11):1331. doi:10.3390/vaccines911133
  • Molton J, Smith C, Chaytor S, ve ark. Seroprevalence of common vaccine-preventable viral infections in HIV-positive adults. J Infect. 2010;61(1):73-80. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2010.04.004
  • Breitschwerdt S, Schwarze-Zander C, Al Tayy A et al. Implementation of EACS vaccination recommendations among people living with HIV. Infection. 2022. doi:10.1007/s15010-022-01827-6
  • Lim PL, Tan J, Yusoff Y, Win MK, Chow A. Rate sandpredictors for influenza vaccine prescriptions among HIV-infected clinic patients in Singapore. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2013;42(4):173-177.
  • Harrison N, Poeppl W, Herkner H, ve ark. Predictors for and coverage of influenza vaccination among HIV-positive patients: a cross-sectional survey. HIV Med. 2017;18(7):500-506. doi:10.1111/hiv.12483. Epub 2016
  • Tsachouridou O, Georgiou A, Naoum S, ve ark. Factors associated with poor adherence to vaccination against hepatitis viruses, streptococcus pneumoniae and seasonal influenza in HIV-infected adults. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2019;15(2):295-304. doi:10.1080/21645515.2018.1509644
  • Schmedt N, Schiffner-Rohe J, Sprenger R, Walker J, von Eiff C, Häckl D. Pneumococcal vaccination rates in immunocompromised patients-A cohort study based on claims data from more than 200,000 patients in Germany. PLoS One. 2019;4(8):e0220848. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0220848
  • Candevir A, Kuşcu F, Yildirim F, ve ark. Low immunity against vaccine preventable diseases in Turkish HIV cohort. Turk J Med Sci. 2021;51(5):2311-2317. doi:10.3906/sag-2102-14

Bir Üniversite Hastanesi Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Polikliniğinde Takip Edilen HIV Pozitif Hastaların Aşılanma Durumu

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 407 - 413, 01.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.26453/otjhs.1055961

Abstract

Amaç: Antiretroviral tedavi (ART) ile insan immün yetmezlik virüsü/edinilmiş bağışıklık yetmezliği sendromu (HIV/AIDS) tanılı hastaların yönetiminde büyük adımlar atılmış ve HIV ölümcül bir hastalıktan kronik bir hastalığa dönüşmüştür. HIV ile yaşayan bireylerde yaşam sürelerinin uzaması ile bazı enfeksiyon hastalıklarının taranmasının ve seronegatif bireylerin aşılanmasının önemi artmıştır. Bu çalışmada polikliniğimizde takip edilen HIV pozitif hastaların kızamık, kızamıkçık, kabakulak, suçiçeği (VZV), hepatit B (HBV), hepatit A (HAV), pnömokok, meningokok, influenza gibi aşı ile önlenebilir hastalıklara karşı bağışıklanma durumlarını değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.
Materyal ve Metot: 2013-2021 yılları arasında enfeksiyon hastalıkları polikliniğimizde takipli 79 HIV pozitif hasta retrospektif olarak incelendi.
Bulgular: Toplam 79 hastanın 14’ü (%18) kadın, 65’i (%82) erkek olup, yaş ortalaması 41±13,88 (min:20-max:76)’dir. Hastaların seropozitiflik oranları VZV için %99, kızamıkçık ve kabakulak için %97, kızamık için %93, HAV için %80 olarak bulundu. Bakılan HBV tetkikleri sonucu hastaların %43’ünde anti-HBs pozitif, %49’unun HBV açısından seronegatif, %8’inde ise kronik hepatit B infeksiyonu olduğu saptandı. Hastaların %71’ine yıllık influenza, %57’sine pnömokok, %56’sına meningokok aşısı yapıldığı saptandı.
Sonuç: HIV/AIDS hasta sayısı ülkemizde her yıl giderek artmaktadır. Bu hastaların aşı ile önlenebilir hastalıklara karşı bağışıklık durumlarının belirlenmesi ve gerekli aşılamaların yapılması önem arz etmektedir. 

References

  • World Health Organization. Data on the size of the HIV/AIDS epidemic 2021. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/topic-details/GHO/data-on-the-size-of-the-hiv-aids-epidemic?lang=en. Erişim tarihi 16 Şubat 2022.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü Bulaşıcı Hastalıklar Dairesi Başkanlığı. HIV-AIDS İstatistikleri 2021. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/bulasici-hastaliklar/862-hivaids/1135-h%c4%B1v-aids-istatislik.html. Erişim tarihi 8 Ocak 2022.
  • Kao JH, Chen DS. Global control of hepatitis B virus infection. Lancet Infect Dis. 2002;2(7):395-403. doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(02)00315-8
  • Grabmeier-Pfistershammer K, Poeppl W, Herkner H, ve ark. High need for MMR vaccination in HIV infected adults in Austria. Vaccine. 2014;32(45):6020-6023. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.07.114
  • Schwarze-Zander C, Draenert R, Lehmann C, ve ark. Measles, mumps, rubella and VZV: importance of serological testing of vaccine-preventable diseases in young adults living with HIV in Germany. Epidemiol Infect. 2017;145(2):236-244.
  • Geretti AM, Doyle T. Immunization for HIV-positive individuals. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2010;23(1):32-38. doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e328334fec4
  • Llenas-García J, Rubio R, Hernando A, Arrazola P, Pulido F. Do HIV positive adult immigrants need to be screened for measles-mumps rubella and varicella zoster virüs immunization? AIDS Care. 2013;25(8):980-989. doi:10.1080/09540121.2012.748881
  • Chaiwarith R, Praparattanapan J, Nuket K, Kotarathitithum W, Supparatpinyo K. Seroprevalence of antibodies to measles, mumps, and rubella, and serologic responses after vaccination among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infected adults in Northern Thailand. BMC Infect Dis. 2016. doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1499-x
  • Bruzzese E, Pagano F, Diana A, Punzi L, Guarino A. Protection of vaccine preventable diseases in a population of hıv-ınfected children: A 3 years prospective study. Vaccines. 2021;9(11):1331. doi:10.3390/vaccines911133
  • Molton J, Smith C, Chaytor S, ve ark. Seroprevalence of common vaccine-preventable viral infections in HIV-positive adults. J Infect. 2010;61(1):73-80. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2010.04.004
  • Breitschwerdt S, Schwarze-Zander C, Al Tayy A et al. Implementation of EACS vaccination recommendations among people living with HIV. Infection. 2022. doi:10.1007/s15010-022-01827-6
  • Lim PL, Tan J, Yusoff Y, Win MK, Chow A. Rate sandpredictors for influenza vaccine prescriptions among HIV-infected clinic patients in Singapore. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2013;42(4):173-177.
  • Harrison N, Poeppl W, Herkner H, ve ark. Predictors for and coverage of influenza vaccination among HIV-positive patients: a cross-sectional survey. HIV Med. 2017;18(7):500-506. doi:10.1111/hiv.12483. Epub 2016
  • Tsachouridou O, Georgiou A, Naoum S, ve ark. Factors associated with poor adherence to vaccination against hepatitis viruses, streptococcus pneumoniae and seasonal influenza in HIV-infected adults. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2019;15(2):295-304. doi:10.1080/21645515.2018.1509644
  • Schmedt N, Schiffner-Rohe J, Sprenger R, Walker J, von Eiff C, Häckl D. Pneumococcal vaccination rates in immunocompromised patients-A cohort study based on claims data from more than 200,000 patients in Germany. PLoS One. 2019;4(8):e0220848. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0220848
  • Candevir A, Kuşcu F, Yildirim F, ve ark. Low immunity against vaccine preventable diseases in Turkish HIV cohort. Turk J Med Sci. 2021;51(5):2311-2317. doi:10.3906/sag-2102-14
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research article
Authors

Yasemin Çakır 0000-0001-5510-3216

Nevin Ince 0000-0002-0129-4536

Emel Çalışkan 0000-0002-9451-7865

Early Pub Date August 29, 2022
Publication Date September 1, 2022
Submission Date January 10, 2022
Acceptance Date June 10, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 7 Issue: 3

Cite

AMA Çakır Y, Ince N, Çalışkan E. Bir Üniversite Hastanesi Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Polikliniğinde Takip Edilen HIV Pozitif Hastaların Aşılanma Durumu. OTJHS. September 2022;7(3):407-413. doi:10.26453/otjhs.1055961

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