Feet Health of Diabetic Hemodialysis Patients and Type 2 DM Patients: A Cross-Sectional and Comparative Study
Abstract
Objective: The two most important microvascular complications of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) are diabetic nephropathy and diabetic foot. This study was conducted to investigate and compare the foot health of diabetic hemodialysis (DHD) and Type 2 DM (T2DM) patients in terms of diabetic foot ulcer development.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional and comparative study. The study was conducted in the hemodialysis and endocrine clinics of a state hospital. The study was conducted with 34 DHD patients and 62 T2DM patients. The data of the study were collected through the personal information form and diabetic foot evaluation form. The data were evaluated in the SPSS 25 analysis program.
Results: In the study, 59% of DHD patients and 73% of type 2 DM patients were female. Years of diabetes were 20.64±10.25 (4-39) in the DHD group and 16.27±7.0 (3-40) in the T2 DM group. DHD patients received dialysis on average three days a week. Ankle-brachial index was 0.76±0.10 (0.59-1.00) in the DHD group and 0.91±0.09 (0.71-1.09) in the T2DM group and was statistically significant (p<000). Among the protective sensory tests, the sense of touch was 2.38±3.67 in the DHD group and 4.38±4.03 in the T2 DM group and there was a statistically significant difference (p=0.005). There was a difference between the groups in vibration sense (p<0.000). 69% of T2DM patients and 88% of DHD patients are at high risk (p=0.040).
Conclusion: DHD patients have decreased protective sensations, increased neuropathy, decreased foot blood circulation and moderate ischemia in their feet compared to the other group. It was concluded that DHD patients are more prone to developing foot ulcers compared to the T2DM group.
Keywords
Hemodialysis, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic foot, diabetic foot examination.
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