Obezitenin Maternal ve Fetal Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri, Hemşirelik Yaklaşımı

Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 110 - 119, 30.09.2019

Derya Yüksel Koçak , Dilek Bingöl

Abstract

Obezite
dünyada hızla yayılan ve gebeleri de ciddi şekilde etkileyen önemli bir halk
sağlığı problemidir. Obezite ve fazla kilolu olmak özellikle doğurganlık
çağındaki (15-49 yaş)  kadınlarda daha
yaygın görülmektedir. Obez gebeliklerde gestasyonel problemler, obstetrik
komplikasyonlar ve neonatal olumsuz sonuçlar daha fazla görülmektedir. Obezite
anne adayında gestasyonel diyabet, hipertansiyon, preeklampsi, tromboemboli,
uzamış doğum eylemi, sezaryen doğuma, postpartum dönemde ise yara enfeksiyonu,
emzirme problemlerine neden olabilmektedir. Fetüs için ise makrazomik bebek,
omuz distosisi, prematürite, doğum anomalisi, ölü doğuma neden olabilmekte ve
çocukluk ve adölesan dönemde obezite riskini artırmaktadır. Hemşireler obez
kadınlarda gebelik öncesi, gebelik dönemi 
ve sonrasında kilo kontrolünü sağlamalı, maternal ve fetal
komplikasyonlara karşı önlemler almalı, hastayı bütüncül bir şekilde
değerlendirmeli, prenatal, intrapartum ve postpartum dönemde etkili bakım
sunmalıdır. Bu derlemenin amacı obezitenin maternal ve fetal sağlık üzerine
etkilerini ve obstetride obezitenin yönetimine yönelik hemşirelik
yaklaşımlarını ele almaktır.

Keywords

Obezite, Gebelik, Komplikasyonlar, Maternal sağlık, Yönetim

Supporting Institution

YOK

Project Number

YOK

The Effects of Obesity on Maternal and Fetal Health, Nursing Approach

Abstract

Obesity
is an important public health problem that is rapidly spreading in the world
and affecting pregnant women. Obesity and overweight are more common in women
of childbearing age (15-49 years). Gestational problems, obstetric
complications and neonatal adverse outcomes are more common in obese
pregnancies. Obesity may cause gestational diabetes, hypertension,
preeclampsia, thromboembolism, prolonged labor, caesarean delivery and postpartum
wound infection and breastfeeding problems in the mothers. For the fetus,
macrazomic infant can cause shoulder dystocia, premature birth, birth anomaly,
stillbirth and increase the risk of obesity in childhood and adolescence.
Nurses should provide weight control in obese women before, during and after
pregnancy, should take precautions against maternal and fetal complications,
evaluate the patient holistically, and provide effective care during prenatal,
intrapartum and postaprtum periods. The aim of this review is to discuss the
effects of obesity on maternal and fetal health and nursing approaches to the
management of obesity in obstetrics.

 

Keywords

Obesity, Pregnancy, Complications, Maternal Health, Management

Project Number

YOK

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