Özel Gereksinimi Olan Çocuklar ve Tamamlayıcı Beslenme

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 287 - 295, 08.09.2021

Gülşah Hür Nursan Çınar

https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.853340

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Özel gereksinimi olan çocuklar, karşılaştıkları gelişimsel sorunlar nedeniyle yaşlarına göre beklenen rolleri yerine getirememekte ve özel yardıma ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Çocuğun altıncı aydan sonra oral duyu motor gelişiminin hazır olmasıyla kaşıkla ve parmakla beslenmeye başlanması, püre haline getirilmiş ve kolay parçalanan besinleri alması beklenmekte iken, özel gereksinimi olan çocuklarda tamamlayıcı beslenmeye geçiş zamanında gerçekleşememekte ve uygun besinin alımında gecikmeler olmaktadır. Özel gereksinimi olan çocuklarda 0-1 yaş döneminde yeme aktiviteleri sırasında annesini emme, biberondan beslenme, kaşıkla yeme, yutma, çiğneme, yiyeceğe ulaşma ve yiyeceği ağzına götürerek yemede sorunlar görülmektedir. Yeterli ve dengeli beslenme, çocukların sağlıklı büyüme ve gelişmesi için gereklidir. Özel gereksinimi olan çocukların beslenmesi birçok faktörden etkilenmektedir. Yetersiz beslenme, yoksulluk ve beslenme bozuklukları gibi nedenlerle dünyada milyonlarca çocuğun sağlığını etkileyen sorunlardan biridir ve özel gereksinimi olan çocuklar için ayrıca risk oluşturmaktadır. Yetersiz beslenme, engelliliğin hem nedeni hem de sonucu olabilmektedir.
Çocuk hemşiresinin çocuktaki gelişimsel yetersizlikleri ve gereksinimleri bilmesi, erken müdahale ile komplikasyonların önlenmesi için önemlidir. Bu derleme, özel gereksinimi olan çocukların tamamlayıcı beslenmede yaşadığı sorunların değerlendirilmesi amacıyla literatürdeki kaynaklardan yararlanılarak hazırlanmıştır.

Keywords

engelli çocuklar, tamamlayıcı beslenme, beslenme davranışı

Children with Special Needs and Complementary Feeding

Abstract

Children with special needs cannot fulfill the roles expected for their age due to developmental problems they face and need special assistance. After the sixth month, while the child is supposed to start eating with spoon and finger by completing the oral sensory motor development and to have mashed and easily broken food, the transition to complementary feeding in children with special needs is not timely and there are delays in the intake of appropriate nutrients. Children with special needs have problems sucking their mother, feeding from a bottle, eating with a spoon, swallowing, chewing, reaching the food and taking the food to the mouth during eating activities within the period of 0-1 year. Adequate and balanced nutrition is essential for the healthy growth and development of children. Feeding of the children with special needs is affected by many factors. Malnutrition is one of the problems affecting the health of millions of children in the world due to reasons such as poverty and nutritional disorders also poses a risk for children with special needs. Malnutrition can be both a cause and a consequence of disability. It is important for the pediatric nurse to know the developmental deficiencies and requirements in the child to prevent complications with early intervention. This review has been prepared using the sources in the literature in order to evaluate the problems experienced by children with special needs in complementary feeding.

Keywords

children with disability, complementary feeding, feeding behavior

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