COVID-19 Pandemisi Sürecinde Kronik Hastalığı Olan Bireylerin Hastalıklara Uyumları ve Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışlarının Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 1 - 13

Anita Karaca , Gamze Temiz , Semiha Akın , Leyla Kaya , Zahide Kaya

https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.1288484

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında kronik hastalığı olan bireylerde hastalığa uyum ve sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları değerlendirildi.
Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı-kesitsel tasarımdadır. Çalışma, Şubat-Mayıs 2021 tarihleri arasında İstanbul'da bir devlet hastanesinde gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmanın örneklemini dahiliye polikliniğine başvuran ve en az bir kronik hastalık tanısı bulunan 175 hasta oluşturdu. Araştırmada veriler Hasta Bilgi Formu, Kronik Hastalıklara Uyum Ölçeği ve Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları Ölçeği-II ile toplandı.
Bulgular: Örneklemin ortalama yaşı 54.45 ± 17.15 idi. Örneklem grubunun çoğunu kadınlar (%65.7) ve ilkokul mezunları (%48.6) oluşturdu. Örneklemin yarısından çoğunun (%56.6) düzenli olarak sağlık kontrollerine gitmedikleri belirlendi. COVID-19 salgını sırasında günlük öğün sayısının arttı (%19.4) ve hastalar daha fazla karbonhidrat tüketti (%21.7). Hastalar en düşük ortalama puanı sosyal uyum alt boyutu (22.27 ± 5.18) ve fiziksel aktivite alt boyutundan (15.50 ± 6.21) aldı. Sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları ile kronik hastalıklara uyum puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki belirlendi (r = 0.70, p < 0.05). Daha az eğitimli, daha yaşlı, işsiz ve düşük geliri olan hastaların günlük aktivitelerini gerçekleştirmek için daha fazla yardıma ihtiyaçları olduğu bulundu.
Sonuç: Kronik rahatsızlığı olan hastalar, sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarını gerçekleştirmede değişiklikler ile karşılaşmıştır. Kronik hastalıklara uyum düzeyi COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında etkilenmiştir. Hastaların hastalıklarını iyi yönetebilmeleri için sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarını yerine getirmeleri konusunda desteğe ihtiyaçları vardır.

Keywords

Kronik hastalık, COVID-19 pandemisi, sağlıklı yaşam tarzı, yaşam kalitesi, öz- bakım

Evaluation of Adaptation to Diseases and Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors of Individuals with Chronic Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract

Objective: This study evaluated the adaptation and healthy lifestyle behaviors of patients with a chronic disease during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: It is a descriptive cross-sectional design. The research was conducted at the state hospital in Istanbul between February and May 2021. The research sample comprised 175 patients treated at internal medicine outpatient clinics and diagnosed with at least one chronic disease. Researchers collected the data from the Patient Information Survey, the Adaptation to Chronic Illness Scale, and the Healthy Lifestyle Behavior Scale-II to collect the data.
Results: The mean age of the group was 54.45±17.15 and mostly women (65.7%) who graduated from primary school (48.6%). Around sixty percent of the research sample (56.6%) did not follow the health check-ups regularly. The patients consumed a higher number of daily meals (19.4%) and consumed more carbohydrates (21.7%). The lowest score was obtained from the Social Adaptation sub-dimension (22.27±5.18) and the Exercise sub-dimension (15.50 ± 6.21). There was a statistically significant relationship between scores of healthy lifestyle behaviors and the adaptation scale (r=0.70, p < 0.05). Less educated, older, unemployed patients and those with lower economic status needed more support to fulfill their daily activities.
Conclusions: Patients with chronic conditions face alternations in performing healthy lifestyle behaviors. The adaptation of patients with chronic diseases during the COVID-19 was negatively affected. Patients with chronic conditions need support for improving healthy lifestyle behaviors to manage the illness effectively.

Keywords

Chronic disease, COVID-19 pandemic, healthy lifestyle, quality of life, self-care

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