Çocuk Hastalarda Ağrı Yönetimine İlişkin Yoğun Bakımda Çalışan Hekim ve Hemşirelerin Görüşleri: Nitel Bir Çalışma
Year 2025,
Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 394 - 403, 26.08.2025
Sevinç Akkoyun
,
Fatma Taş Arslan
,
İnci Kara
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, çocuk hastaların ağrı yönetimine yönelik yoğun bakım ünitesinde çalışan hekim ve hemşirelerin görüşlerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanıldı. Çalışmanın örneklem grubunu, bir Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesinin Anestezi ve Reanimasyon ve Çocuk Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde çalışan, çalışmaya gönüllü katılan toplam 12 hekim ve hemşire oluşturdu. Veriler, Ekim 2023’de yarı yapılandırılmış soru formu aracılığıyla bireysel derinlemesine görüşme yapılarak toplandı. Bireysel görüşmeler hastane içerisinde iki araştırmacının katılımıyla gerçekleştirildi. Görüşmelerde not tutma tekniği ve ses kaydı cihazı kullanıldı. Veriler, içerik analizi yöntemi ile değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmadan elde edilen veriler, tema ve kategori yöntemi ile sınıflandırıldı. Bulgularda “ağrıyı tanımlama” ve “ağrı yönetimi” olarak iki ana tema belirlendi. Bu ana temalara bağlı sekiz alt tema oluşturuldu. Bulgular incelendiğinde hekim ve hemşireler tarafından ağrının tanımlanabildiği, en sık farmakolojik yöntemlerin kullanıldığı, nonfarmakolojik yöntemlerin daha az uygulandığı, personel sayısının yetersiz olmasının ağrı yöntemindeki en büyük engellerden olduğu, ağrı yönetiminde ekip çalışmasının önemli olduğu ve ebeveynlerin varlığının önemli olduğu belirlendi.
Sonuç: Çalışmada hekim ve hemşirelerin ağrının tanımlayabildiği, en sık farmakolojik yöntemlerin kullandıkları ve ağrı yöntemindeki engellerin belirledikleri bulundu.
Ethical Statement
Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Yerel etik kuruldan izin alınmıştır (Tarih: 20.12.2022, Karar sayısı: 2022/519).
Supporting Institution
Yok.
Thanks
Çalışmamıza katılan tüm hekim ve hemşirelere teşekkür ederiz.
References
-
Abazari P, Namnabati M. (2017). Nurses’ experiences from pain management in children in Iranian culture: A phenomenology study. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 6(74), 1-6.
-
Abouzıda S, Bourgault P, Lafrenaye S. (2020). Observation of emergency room nurses managing pediatric pain: care to be given care given. Pain Management Nursing, 21, 488-494.
-
Akturan U. (2013). Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. 2. Baskı, Ankara, Seçkin Yayıncılık.
-
Bakır E. (2017). Çocuklarda ağrı değerlendirme ve ölçekleri: Kültür ve yaşın ağrı değerlendirmesine etkileri. Türkiye Klinikleri Hemşirelik Bilimleri, 9(4), 299-314.
-
Baş T, Usta Y, Uyar E. (2008). Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri Nvivo ile Nitel Veri Analizi. 1. Baskı, Ankara, Seçkin Yayıncılık San ve Tic AŞ., s.1-184.
-
Büyükgönenç L, Törüner E. K. (2018). Çocuk Sağlığı Temel Hemşirelik Yaklaşımları. Ankara, Göktuğ Yayıncılık.
-
Brand K, Al-Rais A. (2019). Pain assessment in children. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, 20(6), 314–317.
-
Conk Z, Başbakkal Z, Bal Yılmaz H, Bolışık B. (2013). Pediati Hemşireliği. Akademisyen Tıp Kitabevi, s.885-903.
-
Elo S, Kyngäs H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62, 107–115.
-
Erdoğan S. (2014). Nitel Araştırmalar. 1. Baskı, İstanbul, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, s.133-64.
-
Guerra GG, Joffe A, Sheppard C, Hewson K, Dinu IA, de Caen A, ve ark. (2021). Music use for sedation in critically ill children (MUSiCC trial): Study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial. Journal of Intensive Care, 9, 1–8.
-
Hummel P, van Dijk M. (2006). Pain assessment: Current status and challenges. Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 11(4), 237–245.
-
International Association for the Study of Pain-IASP. Erişim tarihi 28.07.2022, https://www.iasp-pain.org/publications/iasp-news/iasp-announces-revised-definition-of-pain/.
-
Ismail A. (2016). The challenges of providing effective pain management for children in the pediatric intensive care unit. Pain Management Nursing, 17(6), 372-383.
-
Khalil NS. (2018). Critical care nurses' use of non-pharmacological pain management methods in Egypt. Applied Nursing Research, 44, 33-38.
-
Kusi Amponsah A, Kyel EF, Agyemang JB, Boakye H, Kyel-Dompim J, Ahoto CK, Oduro E. (2020). Nursing-related barriers to children’s painmanagement at selected hospitals in ghana: A descriptive qualitative study. Pain Research and Management, 2020, 7, 7125060.
-
Liehr P, Marcus, M, Cameron C. (2005). Qualitative Approaches to Research. Elseiver Canada, A Division of Harcourt Canada Ltd., s.327–347.
-
Lincoln Y, Guba E. (1985). Naturalistic İnquiry. Newbury Park, CA, Sage Publications. s.1-354.
-
Lucking SE, Maffei FA, Tamburro RF, Thomas NJ. (2012). Pediatric Critical Care Study Guide: Text and review. 12. Baskı, Springer Science & Business Media.
-
Pierce N, Lafond C. (2019). Nonpharmacological pain interventions in the pediatric intensive care unit: Who receives what? The Journal of Pain, 20, 11–12.
-
Polit DF, Beck CT. (2013). Essentials of Nursing Research: Appraising Evidence for Nursing Practice, 9. Baskı. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, s. 40-75.
-
Sabeti F, Mohammadpour M, Pouraboli B, Tahmasebi M, Hasanpour M. (2021). Health Care Providers' experiences of the non-pharmacological pain and anxiety management and its barriers in the Pediatric Intensive Care Units. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 60, e110-e116.
-
Sen Celasin N, Dur S, Ergin D, Karaarslan D. (2020). Knowledge, Attitude and Clinical Decision-Making Abilities of Pediatric Nurses Regarding Pain Management. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 10, 416-422.
-
Sezer TA, Esenay FI, Korkmaz G. (2021). Okul öncesi çocuklarda ameliyat sonrası ağrı ölçeği: Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenirliliği. Güncel Pediatri, 19(1), 84-91.
-
Sng OW, Taylor B, Liam JLW, Klainin-Yobas P, Wang W, HongGu H. (2013). Postoperative pain management experiences among school-aged children: a qualitative study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22, 958-968.
-
Şen E, Mızrak Arslan A. (2020). Ürolojik cerrahi geçiren çocuklarda postoperatif ağrı ve analjezik ihtiyacının flacc skoruna göre değerlendirilmesi: retrospektif gözlemsel çalışma. Genel Tıp Dergisi, 30(3), 178-183.
-
Taplak AŞ, Bayat M. (2019). Psychometric Testing of the Turkish Version of the Premature Infant Pain Profile Revised-PIPP-R. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 48, e49-e55.
-
Tong A, Sainsbury P, Craig J. (2007). Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 19(6), 349-357
-
Twycross A, Dowden S, Stinson J. (2018). Çocuklarda Ağrı Yönetimi. Ankara, Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
Yıldırım A, Şimsek H. (2013). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara, Seçkin Yayıncılık San ve Tic AŞ.
-
Young KD. (2017). Assessment of acute pain in children. Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine, 18(4), 235-241.
-
Walter-Larsen S, Pedersen M, Friis S, Aagaard GB, Rømsing J, Jeppesen EM, Friedrichsdorf, SJ. (2017). Pain
prevalence in hospitalized children: A prospective cross-sectional survey in four Danish university hospitals.
Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 61, 328-337.
-
Watkins DC. (2012). Qualitative research: The importance of conducting research that doesn’t “count”. Health Promotion Practice, 13,153-158.
-
Wren AA, Ross AC, D’souza G, Almgren C, Feinstein A, Marshall A, Golianu B. (2019). Multidisciplinary pain management for pediatric patients with acute and chronic pain: A foundational treatment approach when prescribing opioids. Children, 6, 33.
Opinions of Physicians and Nurses Working in Intensive Care Units Regarding Pain Management in Pediatric Patients: A Qualitative Study
Year 2025,
Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 394 - 403, 26.08.2025
Sevinç Akkoyun
,
Fatma Taş Arslan
,
İnci Kara
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to determine the opinions of physicians and nurses working in the intensive care unit regarding pain management of pediatric patients.
Methods: Qualitative research method was used in the study. The sample group of the study consisted of a total of 12 physicians and nurses who worked in the Anesthesia and Reanimation and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a Medical Faculty Hospital and participated in the study voluntarily. Data were collected by individual in-depth interviews through a semi-structured questionnaire in October 2023. Individual interviews were held within the hospital with the participation of two researchers. Note-taking techniques and a voice recorder were used during the interviews. The data were evaluated using the content analysis method.
Results: The data obtained from the study were classified by theme and category method. Two main themes were identified in the findings: "defining pain" and "pain management". Eight sub-themes were created depending on these main themes. When the findings were examined, it was determined that pain could be defined by physicians and nurses, pharmacological methods were used most frequently, non-pharmacological methods were used less frequently, insufficient number of personnel was one of the biggest obstacles in pain management, teamwork was important in pain management and the presence of parents was important.
Conclusion: In the study, it was found that physicians and nurses were able to define pain, used pharmacological methods most frequently, and identified obstacles in pain management.
References
-
Abazari P, Namnabati M. (2017). Nurses’ experiences from pain management in children in Iranian culture: A phenomenology study. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 6(74), 1-6.
-
Abouzıda S, Bourgault P, Lafrenaye S. (2020). Observation of emergency room nurses managing pediatric pain: care to be given care given. Pain Management Nursing, 21, 488-494.
-
Akturan U. (2013). Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. 2. Baskı, Ankara, Seçkin Yayıncılık.
-
Bakır E. (2017). Çocuklarda ağrı değerlendirme ve ölçekleri: Kültür ve yaşın ağrı değerlendirmesine etkileri. Türkiye Klinikleri Hemşirelik Bilimleri, 9(4), 299-314.
-
Baş T, Usta Y, Uyar E. (2008). Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri Nvivo ile Nitel Veri Analizi. 1. Baskı, Ankara, Seçkin Yayıncılık San ve Tic AŞ., s.1-184.
-
Büyükgönenç L, Törüner E. K. (2018). Çocuk Sağlığı Temel Hemşirelik Yaklaşımları. Ankara, Göktuğ Yayıncılık.
-
Brand K, Al-Rais A. (2019). Pain assessment in children. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, 20(6), 314–317.
-
Conk Z, Başbakkal Z, Bal Yılmaz H, Bolışık B. (2013). Pediati Hemşireliği. Akademisyen Tıp Kitabevi, s.885-903.
-
Elo S, Kyngäs H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62, 107–115.
-
Erdoğan S. (2014). Nitel Araştırmalar. 1. Baskı, İstanbul, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, s.133-64.
-
Guerra GG, Joffe A, Sheppard C, Hewson K, Dinu IA, de Caen A, ve ark. (2021). Music use for sedation in critically ill children (MUSiCC trial): Study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial. Journal of Intensive Care, 9, 1–8.
-
Hummel P, van Dijk M. (2006). Pain assessment: Current status and challenges. Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 11(4), 237–245.
-
International Association for the Study of Pain-IASP. Erişim tarihi 28.07.2022, https://www.iasp-pain.org/publications/iasp-news/iasp-announces-revised-definition-of-pain/.
-
Ismail A. (2016). The challenges of providing effective pain management for children in the pediatric intensive care unit. Pain Management Nursing, 17(6), 372-383.
-
Khalil NS. (2018). Critical care nurses' use of non-pharmacological pain management methods in Egypt. Applied Nursing Research, 44, 33-38.
-
Kusi Amponsah A, Kyel EF, Agyemang JB, Boakye H, Kyel-Dompim J, Ahoto CK, Oduro E. (2020). Nursing-related barriers to children’s painmanagement at selected hospitals in ghana: A descriptive qualitative study. Pain Research and Management, 2020, 7, 7125060.
-
Liehr P, Marcus, M, Cameron C. (2005). Qualitative Approaches to Research. Elseiver Canada, A Division of Harcourt Canada Ltd., s.327–347.
-
Lincoln Y, Guba E. (1985). Naturalistic İnquiry. Newbury Park, CA, Sage Publications. s.1-354.
-
Lucking SE, Maffei FA, Tamburro RF, Thomas NJ. (2012). Pediatric Critical Care Study Guide: Text and review. 12. Baskı, Springer Science & Business Media.
-
Pierce N, Lafond C. (2019). Nonpharmacological pain interventions in the pediatric intensive care unit: Who receives what? The Journal of Pain, 20, 11–12.
-
Polit DF, Beck CT. (2013). Essentials of Nursing Research: Appraising Evidence for Nursing Practice, 9. Baskı. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, s. 40-75.
-
Sabeti F, Mohammadpour M, Pouraboli B, Tahmasebi M, Hasanpour M. (2021). Health Care Providers' experiences of the non-pharmacological pain and anxiety management and its barriers in the Pediatric Intensive Care Units. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 60, e110-e116.
-
Sen Celasin N, Dur S, Ergin D, Karaarslan D. (2020). Knowledge, Attitude and Clinical Decision-Making Abilities of Pediatric Nurses Regarding Pain Management. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 10, 416-422.
-
Sezer TA, Esenay FI, Korkmaz G. (2021). Okul öncesi çocuklarda ameliyat sonrası ağrı ölçeği: Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenirliliği. Güncel Pediatri, 19(1), 84-91.
-
Sng OW, Taylor B, Liam JLW, Klainin-Yobas P, Wang W, HongGu H. (2013). Postoperative pain management experiences among school-aged children: a qualitative study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22, 958-968.
-
Şen E, Mızrak Arslan A. (2020). Ürolojik cerrahi geçiren çocuklarda postoperatif ağrı ve analjezik ihtiyacının flacc skoruna göre değerlendirilmesi: retrospektif gözlemsel çalışma. Genel Tıp Dergisi, 30(3), 178-183.
-
Taplak AŞ, Bayat M. (2019). Psychometric Testing of the Turkish Version of the Premature Infant Pain Profile Revised-PIPP-R. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 48, e49-e55.
-
Tong A, Sainsbury P, Craig J. (2007). Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 19(6), 349-357
-
Twycross A, Dowden S, Stinson J. (2018). Çocuklarda Ağrı Yönetimi. Ankara, Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
Yıldırım A, Şimsek H. (2013). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara, Seçkin Yayıncılık San ve Tic AŞ.
-
Young KD. (2017). Assessment of acute pain in children. Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine, 18(4), 235-241.
-
Walter-Larsen S, Pedersen M, Friis S, Aagaard GB, Rømsing J, Jeppesen EM, Friedrichsdorf, SJ. (2017). Pain
prevalence in hospitalized children: A prospective cross-sectional survey in four Danish university hospitals.
Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 61, 328-337.
-
Watkins DC. (2012). Qualitative research: The importance of conducting research that doesn’t “count”. Health Promotion Practice, 13,153-158.
-
Wren AA, Ross AC, D’souza G, Almgren C, Feinstein A, Marshall A, Golianu B. (2019). Multidisciplinary pain management for pediatric patients with acute and chronic pain: A foundational treatment approach when prescribing opioids. Children, 6, 33.