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Z Kuşağı Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Türkiye’den Beyin Göçüne Yönelik Tutumları: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 413 - 424, 26.08.2025

Serap Altuntaş , Ayşe Çiçek Korkmaz , Bahar Kuleyin

https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.1451494

Abstract

Amaç: Son yıllarda Türkiye’den enformasyon ve sağlık alanı başta olmak üzere nitelikli iş gücüne diğer ülkelerden gereksinim duyulmaya başlanmıştır. Bu da beyin göçünün artmasına yol açmaktadır. Araştırma, Z kuşağı hemşirelik öğrencilerinin beyin göçüne yönelik tutumlarını incelemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Yöntem: Bu araştırma tanımlayıcı-kesitsel bir çalışmadır. Türkiye’de bir devlet üniversitesinin Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi’nde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmaya 356 hemşirelik öğrencisi katılmıştır. Araştırma verileri; Tanıtıcı Özellikler Formu ve Beyin Göçüne Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği kullanılarak Ağustos – Kasım 2022 tarihleri arasında çevrimiçi olarak toplanmıştır
Bulgular: Z kuşağı hemşirelik öğrencilerinin beyin göçüne yönelik tutumları puan ortalaması 34.43±9.14 (min:16, maks:61) olduğu belirlendi. Ayrıca öğrencileri yurt dışına çeken faktörlerin puan ortalaması 26.26±7.33 (min:12, maks:49), iten faktörlerin ise 6.87±2.76 (min:4, maks:18) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Z kuşağı hemşirelik öğrencileri Türkiye'den daha çok ekonomik (%71.5) ve kariyer gelişimi (%67.8) nedeniyle göç etmek istediklerini belirtmiştir.
Sonuç: Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin göç etmemeleri ve hemşire sıkıntısı yaşanmaması için hemşireleri göçe iten nedenler ile diğer ülkelerdeki çekici faktörler incelenmelidir. Ayrıca geleceğin hemşirelerinin çalışma ve ekonomik koşullarını iyileştirici önlemler alınmalı ve hemşirelikte profesyonel ve kariyer gelişim fırsatları artırılmalıdır.

Keywords

Beyin göçü Hemşirelik Öğrencileri Tutum Z Kuşağı

References

  • Abou-Hashish E, Ashour HM. (2020). Determinants and mitigating factors of the brain drain among Egyptian nurses: a mixed-methods study. Journal of Research in Nursing, 25(8), 699-719.
  • Akgül H. (2022). Examination of the attitudes of X, Y and Z generation individuals regarding gender roles. International Journal of Education Spectrum, 4(1), 31-42.
  • Akran S. (2020). The role of the family in education of the generation z in Turkey an example of Jean Jacques Rousseau’s “Emile or on Education”. Journal of Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University Social Sciences Institute, 6(2), 79-100.
  • Banov H, Kammerer A, Salciute I. (2017). Mapping generation z: attitudes toward international education programs. http://d22dvihj4pfop3.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/07112624/Mapping- Generation-Z-Research.pdf. Date of access: 06.02.2023.
  • Biehl K, Danış D. (Eds). (2020). Migration studies in Turkey from a gender perspective. Istanbul: Sabancı University Gender and Women's Studies Center of Excellence and Migration Research Association; 8-18.
  • Birgücü F. (2022). Expenditure on education: comparison of Turkey – African countries. Journal of Pure Social Sciences, 3(6), 66-78.
  • Bölükbaş N. (2018). Occupational selection of nursing students and the effecting factors. Ordu University Journal of Nursing Studies, 1(1), 10-17.
  • Chunta K, Shellenbarger T, Chicca J. (2021). Generation z students in the online environment strategies for nurse educators. Nurse Educator, 46(2), 87-91.
  • Çetin-Avcı S, Işik G, Cetisli N, Üşümez D, Şencandan B, Bektaş C. (2019). Professional values and career plans of nursing students. Journal of Health Science and Profession, 6(2), 256-265.
  • Demiray A, İlaslan N, Açıl A. (2020). Evaluation of nursing students' attitudes towards brain drain. Journal of Human Sciences, 17(2), 632-641.
  • Dikeç G, Öztürk S, Taşbaşı N, Figenergül D, Güler B. (2023). The Perceptions of Generation Z University Students about Their Futures: A Qualitative Study. Sci, 5(4), 45.
  • Dimock M. (2019). Defining generations: Where millennials end and generation Z begins. Pew Research Center, https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2019/01/17/where-millennials-end-and-generation-z- begins/. Date of access: 08.03.2023.
  • Dolot A. (2018). The characteristics of generation Z. E-mentor, 2(74), 44-50.
  • Douglas K, Gray S. (2020). Generational complexities present new challenges for nurse leaders. Nurse Leader, 18(2), 126-129.
  • Etci H, Özbek Ç. (2019). Youth in generation studies: A study to measure the anxiety level of generation Y and Z students. In Youth in Generation Studies. Ankara: Nobel Publication, 175-199.
  • Fry R, Parker K. (2018). Early benchmarks show ‘post-millennials’ on track to be most diverse, best-educated generation yet. Pew Research Center’s Social & Demographic Trends Project, https://www. pewresearch.org/social-trends/2018/11/15/early-benchmarks-show-post-millennials-on-track-to-be-most- diverse-best-educated-generation-yet/. Date of access: 12.03.2023.
  • Hosseınnezhad F, Karataş K. (2021). Evaluation of Family Social Policy in Turkey. Journal of Pamukkale University Social Sciences Institute (45), 173-183.
  • ICN. (2023). ICN report says shortage of nurses is a global health emergency. https://www.icn.ch/news /icn-report-says-shortage-nursesglobal-health-emergency. Date of access: 06.06.2024.
  • Kahya Y. (2022). The changing new face of migration: from physical labor to brain drain. Motif Academy Journal of Folklore, 15(39), 819-833.
  • Khan J. (2021). European academic brain drain: A meta-synthesis. European Journal of Education, 56(2), 265-278. hae D, Yoo J. Y. (2021). Reasons Behind Generation Z Nursing Students’ Intentions to Leave their Profession: A Cross-Sectional Study. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, 58.
  • Korku C. (2022). International migration of healthcare professionals. in academic evaluations on current issues in health management. Istanbul: Efe Academy Publications, 35-56.
  • Lim SA, You S. (2019). Long-Term effect of parents’ support on adolescents’ career maturity. Journal of Career Development, 46(1), 48-61.
  • Öncü E, Selvi H, Vayısoglu SK, Ceyhan H. (2018). Development of an attitude scale for brain drain among nursing students: a reliability and validity study. Cukurova Medical Journal, 43(1), 207-215.
  • Öncü E, Vayısoğlu SK, Karadağ G, Alaçam B, Göv P, Selçuk-Tosun A, Çatıker A. (2021). Intention to migrate among the next generation of Turkish nurses and drivers of migration. Journal of Nursing Management. 29(3), 487-496.
  • Özdemir A, İlhan A. (2021). The brain drain: a qualitative study in the context of the reasons leading students into education abroad. Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences, 20, 1159-1186.
  • Özmen GÇ, Şimşek P, Aydın R, Çilingir D. (2022). Nursing students’ willingness to work in COVID-19 pandemic: The role of knowledge and perceived competence: An Example From Turkey. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences, 6(2), 354-364. Parker K, Igielnik R. (2020). On the cusp of adulthood and facing an uncertain future: What we know about gen Z so far. Pew Research Center’s Social & Demographic Trends Project, https://www. .org/essay/on-the-cusp-of-adulthood-and-facing-an-uncertain-future-what-we-know-about-gen-z-so-far. Date of access: 12.03.2023.
  • Peters A, Palomo R, Pittet D. (2020). The great nursing brain drain and its effects on patient safety. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 9(1), 57.
  • Rudolph CW, Rauvola RS, Zacher H. (2018). Leadership and and generations at work: A critical review. Leadership Quarterly, 29(1), 44-57.
  • Schenarts PJ. (2020). Now arriving: surgical trainees from generation Z. Journal of Surgical Education, 77(2), 246-253.
  • Seven A, Adadıoğlu Ö. (2022). Nursing Students' attitudes towards brain drain in Turkey: A cross-sectional study. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences, 14(1), 179-184.
  • Shinwari SA, Currie C, Kumpf J. (2021). Brain drain in global health. Military Medicine, 186 (7-8), 175-177.
  • Sillero A, Gil Poisa M, Marques-Sule E, Ayuso-Margañon R. (2023). Motivations and expectations of generation Z nursing students: A post-pandemic career choice qualitative analysis. Journal of Professional Nursing, 49, 178-185.
  • Sönmez B, Önal M, Yıldız G. (2019). Determining the correlation between career values and career future of the fourth-year nursing students. Journal of Health Science and Profession, 6(1), 127-134.
  • Şişman Y, Balun B. (2021). Transit migration and Turkey. Journal of Anadolu University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 21(2), 61-79.
  • Tanrısevdi F, Durdu İ, Tanrısevdi A. (2019). Brain Drain? Brain Power? Journal of Travel Tourism Research, 15(15), 133-158.
  • TNA (Turkish Nurses Association). (2023). Nurse Migration Trend Study Report. https://www.thder.org.tr/uploads/subeler/THD%202023/hemsire_goc_egilimi_calismasi_ra.2023-.pdf. Date of access: 06.06.2024.
  • Turan FD. (2021). Career decision and career decision-making competences as the determinants of nursing fourth grade students’ attitudes towards brain drain. Gümüşhane University Journal of Health Sciences, 10(4), 828-841.
  • TurkStat. (2022). International migration statistics. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Uluslararasi-Goc-Istatistikleri-2022. Date of access: 06.06.2023.
  • Unesco. (2020). Global education monitoring report 2020-inclusion and education: all means all. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000373718/PDF/373718eng.pdf.multi. Date of access: 06.06.2023.
  • Yıldırım N, Aydoğan A, Bulut M. (2021). A qualitative study on the experiences of the first nurses assigned to COVID-19 units in Turkey. Journal of Nursing Management, 29(6), 1366-1374.

The Attitudes of Generation Z Nursing Students Toward Brain Drain from Türkiye: A Cross-Sectional Study

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 413 - 424, 26.08.2025

Serap Altuntaş , Ayşe Çiçek Korkmaz , Bahar Kuleyin

https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.1451494

Abstract

Objective: In recent years, certain countries began to demand a skilled workforce from Turkey, in particular, in the fields of information and health. This, in turn, paves the way for an increase in brain drain from Turkey. The research was conducted to analyze the attitudes of Generation Z nursing students toward brain drain from Turkey.
Method: It is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. The research was carried out at the Faculty of Health Sciences of a public university in Turkey. A total of 356 nursing students participated in the research. The research data were collected online in August – November 2022 with the Descriptive Characteristics Form and the Attitude Scale for Brain Drain.
Results: It was determined that the Z generation nursing students' attitudes towards brain drain were 34.43±9.14 (min:16, max:61). In addition, it was determined that the factors that pull students abroad are 26.26±7.33 (min:12, max:49) and the factors that push them are 6.87±2.76 (min:4, max:18) on average. Generation Z nursing students stated that they wanted to immigrate from Turkey mostly for economic reasons (71.5%) and career development (67.8%).
Conclusion: To prevent nursing students from migrating from Turkey and avoid a likely nurse shortage, the domestic factors pushing nurses to migrate from Turkey as well as external factors enticing nurses to migrate to foreign countries should be examined. Also, measures to improve the working and economic conditions of future nurses should be taken, and professional and career development opportunities should be enlarged in nursing.

Keywords

Attitude Brain Drain Generation Z Nursing Students

References

  • Abou-Hashish E, Ashour HM. (2020). Determinants and mitigating factors of the brain drain among Egyptian nurses: a mixed-methods study. Journal of Research in Nursing, 25(8), 699-719.
  • Akgül H. (2022). Examination of the attitudes of X, Y and Z generation individuals regarding gender roles. International Journal of Education Spectrum, 4(1), 31-42.
  • Akran S. (2020). The role of the family in education of the generation z in Turkey an example of Jean Jacques Rousseau’s “Emile or on Education”. Journal of Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University Social Sciences Institute, 6(2), 79-100.
  • Banov H, Kammerer A, Salciute I. (2017). Mapping generation z: attitudes toward international education programs. http://d22dvihj4pfop3.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/07112624/Mapping- Generation-Z-Research.pdf. Date of access: 06.02.2023.
  • Biehl K, Danış D. (Eds). (2020). Migration studies in Turkey from a gender perspective. Istanbul: Sabancı University Gender and Women's Studies Center of Excellence and Migration Research Association; 8-18.
  • Birgücü F. (2022). Expenditure on education: comparison of Turkey – African countries. Journal of Pure Social Sciences, 3(6), 66-78.
  • Bölükbaş N. (2018). Occupational selection of nursing students and the effecting factors. Ordu University Journal of Nursing Studies, 1(1), 10-17.
  • Chunta K, Shellenbarger T, Chicca J. (2021). Generation z students in the online environment strategies for nurse educators. Nurse Educator, 46(2), 87-91.
  • Çetin-Avcı S, Işik G, Cetisli N, Üşümez D, Şencandan B, Bektaş C. (2019). Professional values and career plans of nursing students. Journal of Health Science and Profession, 6(2), 256-265.
  • Demiray A, İlaslan N, Açıl A. (2020). Evaluation of nursing students' attitudes towards brain drain. Journal of Human Sciences, 17(2), 632-641.
  • Dikeç G, Öztürk S, Taşbaşı N, Figenergül D, Güler B. (2023). The Perceptions of Generation Z University Students about Their Futures: A Qualitative Study. Sci, 5(4), 45.
  • Dimock M. (2019). Defining generations: Where millennials end and generation Z begins. Pew Research Center, https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2019/01/17/where-millennials-end-and-generation-z- begins/. Date of access: 08.03.2023.
  • Dolot A. (2018). The characteristics of generation Z. E-mentor, 2(74), 44-50.
  • Douglas K, Gray S. (2020). Generational complexities present new challenges for nurse leaders. Nurse Leader, 18(2), 126-129.
  • Etci H, Özbek Ç. (2019). Youth in generation studies: A study to measure the anxiety level of generation Y and Z students. In Youth in Generation Studies. Ankara: Nobel Publication, 175-199.
  • Fry R, Parker K. (2018). Early benchmarks show ‘post-millennials’ on track to be most diverse, best-educated generation yet. Pew Research Center’s Social & Demographic Trends Project, https://www. pewresearch.org/social-trends/2018/11/15/early-benchmarks-show-post-millennials-on-track-to-be-most- diverse-best-educated-generation-yet/. Date of access: 12.03.2023.
  • Hosseınnezhad F, Karataş K. (2021). Evaluation of Family Social Policy in Turkey. Journal of Pamukkale University Social Sciences Institute (45), 173-183.
  • ICN. (2023). ICN report says shortage of nurses is a global health emergency. https://www.icn.ch/news /icn-report-says-shortage-nursesglobal-health-emergency. Date of access: 06.06.2024.
  • Kahya Y. (2022). The changing new face of migration: from physical labor to brain drain. Motif Academy Journal of Folklore, 15(39), 819-833.
  • Khan J. (2021). European academic brain drain: A meta-synthesis. European Journal of Education, 56(2), 265-278. hae D, Yoo J. Y. (2021). Reasons Behind Generation Z Nursing Students’ Intentions to Leave their Profession: A Cross-Sectional Study. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, 58.
  • Korku C. (2022). International migration of healthcare professionals. in academic evaluations on current issues in health management. Istanbul: Efe Academy Publications, 35-56.
  • Lim SA, You S. (2019). Long-Term effect of parents’ support on adolescents’ career maturity. Journal of Career Development, 46(1), 48-61.
  • Öncü E, Selvi H, Vayısoglu SK, Ceyhan H. (2018). Development of an attitude scale for brain drain among nursing students: a reliability and validity study. Cukurova Medical Journal, 43(1), 207-215.
  • Öncü E, Vayısoğlu SK, Karadağ G, Alaçam B, Göv P, Selçuk-Tosun A, Çatıker A. (2021). Intention to migrate among the next generation of Turkish nurses and drivers of migration. Journal of Nursing Management. 29(3), 487-496.
  • Özdemir A, İlhan A. (2021). The brain drain: a qualitative study in the context of the reasons leading students into education abroad. Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences, 20, 1159-1186.
  • Özmen GÇ, Şimşek P, Aydın R, Çilingir D. (2022). Nursing students’ willingness to work in COVID-19 pandemic: The role of knowledge and perceived competence: An Example From Turkey. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences, 6(2), 354-364. Parker K, Igielnik R. (2020). On the cusp of adulthood and facing an uncertain future: What we know about gen Z so far. Pew Research Center’s Social & Demographic Trends Project, https://www. .org/essay/on-the-cusp-of-adulthood-and-facing-an-uncertain-future-what-we-know-about-gen-z-so-far. Date of access: 12.03.2023.
  • Peters A, Palomo R, Pittet D. (2020). The great nursing brain drain and its effects on patient safety. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 9(1), 57.
  • Rudolph CW, Rauvola RS, Zacher H. (2018). Leadership and and generations at work: A critical review. Leadership Quarterly, 29(1), 44-57.
  • Schenarts PJ. (2020). Now arriving: surgical trainees from generation Z. Journal of Surgical Education, 77(2), 246-253.
  • Seven A, Adadıoğlu Ö. (2022). Nursing Students' attitudes towards brain drain in Turkey: A cross-sectional study. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences, 14(1), 179-184.
  • Shinwari SA, Currie C, Kumpf J. (2021). Brain drain in global health. Military Medicine, 186 (7-8), 175-177.
  • Sillero A, Gil Poisa M, Marques-Sule E, Ayuso-Margañon R. (2023). Motivations and expectations of generation Z nursing students: A post-pandemic career choice qualitative analysis. Journal of Professional Nursing, 49, 178-185.
  • Sönmez B, Önal M, Yıldız G. (2019). Determining the correlation between career values and career future of the fourth-year nursing students. Journal of Health Science and Profession, 6(1), 127-134.
  • Şişman Y, Balun B. (2021). Transit migration and Turkey. Journal of Anadolu University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 21(2), 61-79.
  • Tanrısevdi F, Durdu İ, Tanrısevdi A. (2019). Brain Drain? Brain Power? Journal of Travel Tourism Research, 15(15), 133-158.
  • TNA (Turkish Nurses Association). (2023). Nurse Migration Trend Study Report. https://www.thder.org.tr/uploads/subeler/THD%202023/hemsire_goc_egilimi_calismasi_ra.2023-.pdf. Date of access: 06.06.2024.
  • Turan FD. (2021). Career decision and career decision-making competences as the determinants of nursing fourth grade students’ attitudes towards brain drain. Gümüşhane University Journal of Health Sciences, 10(4), 828-841.
  • TurkStat. (2022). International migration statistics. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Uluslararasi-Goc-Istatistikleri-2022. Date of access: 06.06.2023.
  • Unesco. (2020). Global education monitoring report 2020-inclusion and education: all means all. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000373718/PDF/373718eng.pdf.multi. Date of access: 06.06.2023.
  • Yıldırım N, Aydoğan A, Bulut M. (2021). A qualitative study on the experiences of the first nurses assigned to COVID-19 units in Turkey. Journal of Nursing Management, 29(6), 1366-1374.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Nurse Education, Nursing Management
Journal Section Araştırma
Authors

Serap Altuntaş 0000-0002-7695-7736

Ayşe Çiçek Korkmaz 0000-0001-8184-1490

Bahar Kuleyin 0000-0001-5684-5916

Publication Date August 26, 2025
Submission Date March 12, 2024
Acceptance Date August 22, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Altuntaş, S., Çiçek Korkmaz, A., & Kuleyin, B. (2025). The Attitudes of Generation Z Nursing Students Toward Brain Drain from Türkiye: A Cross-Sectional Study. Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi, 8(2), 413-424. https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.1451494
AMA Altuntaş S, Çiçek Korkmaz A, Kuleyin B. The Attitudes of Generation Z Nursing Students Toward Brain Drain from Türkiye: A Cross-Sectional Study. Ordu University J Nurs Stud. August 2025;8(2):413-424. doi:10.38108/ouhcd.1451494
Chicago Altuntaş, Serap, Ayşe Çiçek Korkmaz, and Bahar Kuleyin. “The Attitudes of Generation Z Nursing Students Toward Brain Drain from Türkiye: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi 8, no. 2 (August 2025): 413-24. https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.1451494.
EndNote Altuntaş S, Çiçek Korkmaz A, Kuleyin B (August 1, 2025) The Attitudes of Generation Z Nursing Students Toward Brain Drain from Türkiye: A Cross-Sectional Study. Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi 8 2 413–424.
IEEE S. Altuntaş, A. Çiçek Korkmaz, and B. Kuleyin, “The Attitudes of Generation Z Nursing Students Toward Brain Drain from Türkiye: A Cross-Sectional Study”, Ordu University J Nurs Stud, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 413–424, 2025, doi: 10.38108/ouhcd.1451494.
ISNAD Altuntaş, Serap et al. “The Attitudes of Generation Z Nursing Students Toward Brain Drain from Türkiye: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi 8/2 (August2025), 413-424. https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.1451494.
JAMA Altuntaş S, Çiçek Korkmaz A, Kuleyin B. The Attitudes of Generation Z Nursing Students Toward Brain Drain from Türkiye: A Cross-Sectional Study. Ordu University J Nurs Stud. 2025;8:413–424.
MLA Altuntaş, Serap et al. “The Attitudes of Generation Z Nursing Students Toward Brain Drain from Türkiye: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 2, 2025, pp. 413-24, doi:10.38108/ouhcd.1451494.
Vancouver Altuntaş S, Çiçek Korkmaz A, Kuleyin B. The Attitudes of Generation Z Nursing Students Toward Brain Drain from Türkiye: A Cross-Sectional Study. Ordu University J Nurs Stud. 2025;8(2):413-24.