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Validity and Reliability of Quiet Quitting Scale Among Nurses

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 351 - 359, 26.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.1459367

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study is to test the validity and reliability of the Quiet Quitting Scale in Turkish.
Methods: This methodological study was conducted with 180 nurses working in three public hospitals. For validity analyses, the content validity index was calculated following the language adaptation study, and construct validity was examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. For reliability, the split-half method was applied and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated.
Results: The content validity index calculated based on expert opinions was calculated between 08.80 and 1.00. In testing construct validity, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test result was 0.744, the Bartlett Sphericity Test Chi Square value was 510.041; While p<0.000 was calculated, in the exploratory factor analysis, the total variance explanatory rate was found to be 60.46%, and the factor loadings of all items varied between 0.318-0.684. While the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.79, the alpha values for the sub-dimensions were calculated as 0.701 and 0.803.
Conclusion: It confirmed that the Turkish version of the Quiet Quitting Scale is valid and reliable. It has been revealed that Turkish nurses can be used to evaluate silent quitting levels.

References

  • Alpar R. (2010). Uygulamalı İstatistik ve Geçerlik-Güvenirlik: Spor, Sağlık ve Eğitim Bilimlerinden Örneklerle. Ankara, Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Atalay M, Dağıstan U. (2023). Quiet quitting: a new wine in an old bottle? Personnel Review, 53, 1059-1074. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-02-2023-0122
  • Baykul Y. (2015). Eğitimde ve psikolojide ölçme: Klasik test teorisi ve uygulaması. 3. Baskı, Ankara, Pegem Akademi.
  • Boniol M, Kunjumen T, Nair TS, Siyam A, Campbell J, Diallo K. (2022). The global health workforce stock and distribution in 2020 and 2030: A threat to equity and ‘universal’health coverage? BMJ Global Health, 7, e009316. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009 316
  • Çalışkan K. (2023). Sessiz İstifa: Sonun Başlangıcı mı Yeniden Diriliş mi? Journal of Organizational Behavior Review, 5, 190–204.
  • Çapık C, Gözüm S, Aksayan S. (2018). Intercultural scale adaptation stages, language and culture adaptation: Updated guideline. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing-Florence Nightingale Hemsirelik Dergisi, 26, 199-210. https://doi.org/10.26650/fnjn397481
  • Çapri B, Gündüz B, Gökçakan Z. (2011). Maslach tükenmişlik envanteri-öğrenci formu’nun (mte-öf) Türkçe’ye uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal, 40, 134-147.
  • Cerit B, Uzun LN. (2022). Being a nurse at the ground zero of care in Turkey during the covid-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. Journal of Religion and Health, 61, 827–850. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-014 91-4
  • Çimen Aİ, Yılmaz T. (2023). Sessiz istifa ne kadar sessiz. Sakarya Üniversitesi İşletme Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5, 27–33. https://doi.org/10.47542/sauied.1256798
  • Davis LL. (1992). Instrument review: Getting the most from a panel of experts. Applied Nursing Research, 5, 194–197.
  • Erkorkmaz Ü, Etikan İ, Demir O, Özdamar K, Sanisoğlu SY. (2013). Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi ve Uyum İndeksleri. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 33, 210–223. https://doi.org/10.5336 /medsci.2011-26747
  • Esin M. (2014). Veri toplama yöntem ve araçları ve veri toplama araçlarının güvenirlik ve geçerliği. Erdoğan S, Nahcivan N, Esin MN, editors. Hemşirelikte Araştırma: Süreç, Uygulama ve Kritik. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, p.217-230.
  • Falatah R. (2021). The impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on nurses’ turnover intention: An integrative review. Nursing Reports, 11, 787–810. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep11040075
  • Field A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS. 2. Baskı, London SAGE Publications Ltd. Formica S, Sfodera F. (2022). The Great Resignation and Quiet Quitting paradigm shifts: An overview of current situation and future research directions. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 31, 899–907. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2022.21 36601
  • Galanis P, Moisoglou I, Katsiroumpa A, Vraka I, Siskou O, Konstantakopoulou O et al. (2023a). Quiet quitting among nurses increases their turnover intention: Evidence from Greece in the post-COVID-19 era. Healthcare, 2024, 12, 79. https://doi.org/10.3390 /healthcare12010079
  • Galanis P, Katsiroumpa A, Vraka I, Siskou O, Konstantakopoulou O, Katsoulas T et al. (2023b). Nurses quietly quit their job more often than other healthcare workers: an alarming issue for healthcare services. International Nursing Review. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12931
  • Galanis P, Katsiroumpa A, Vraka I, Konstantakopoulou O, Moisoglou I, Gallos P et al. (2023c). Quiet quitting among employees: a proposed cut-off score for the “Quiet Quitting” Scale. PREPRINT (Version 1) available at Research Square [https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3076541/v1]
  • Galanis P, Katsiroumpa A, Vraka I, Siskou O, Konstantakopoulou O, Moisoglou I, et al. (2023d). The quiet quitting scale: Development and initial validation. AIMS Public Health, 10, 828-848. https://doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2023055
  • Galanis P, Moisoglou I, Katsiroumpa A, Malliarou M, Vraka I, Gallos P et al. (2024a). Impact of workplace bullying on quiet quitting in nurses: The mediating effect of coping strategies. Healthcare, 12, 797. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12070797
  • Galanis P, Moisoglou I, Katsiroumpa A, Vraka I, Siskou O, Konstantakopoulou O et al. (2024b). Moral Resilience Reduces Levels of Quiet Quitting, Job Burnout, and Turnover Intention among Nurses: Evidence in the Post-COVID-19 Era. Nursing Reports, 14, 254–266. https://doi.org/10.3390/ nursrep14010020
  • ITC. 2021. ITC guidelines for translating and adapting tests. second. Erişim Tarihi: 10.07.2024, https://www. intestcom. org/files/guideline_test_adaptation_2ed. pdf.
  • Kaiser HF. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39, 31–36.
  • Kline P. (2000). Test construction: Factor analytic and item analytic methods. Handbook of Psychological Testing. 2nd Ed. London, New York: Routledge, p.161–181.
  • Mariah Espada. (2022). Employees Say ‘Quiet Quitting’ Is Just Setting Boundaries. Companies Fear Long-Term Effects. Time. Erişim Tarihi: 12.11.2023, https://time.com/6208115/quiet-quitting-companies-response/
  • Moisoglou I, Katsiroumpa A, Vraka I, Kalogeropoulou M, Gallos P, Prasini I et al. (2024). Quiet quitting threatens healthcare organizations and services: alarming evidence from a cross-sectional study with nurses in Greece. PREPRINT (Version 1) available at Research Square [https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4593376/v1].
  • Özdamar K. (2017). Ölçek ve test geliştirme yapısal eşitlik modellemesi IBM SPSS, IBM SPSS AMOS ve MINTAB uygulamalı. Eskişehir, Nisan Kitabevi.
  • Rizzo A, Yıldırım M, Öztekin, GG, De Carlo A, Nucera G, Szarpak L et al. (2023). Nurse burnout before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic comparative review. Frontiers in Public Health, 11:1225431.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.122 5431
  • Seçer İ. (2018). Psikolojik Test Geliştirme ve Uyarlama Süreci Spss ve Lisrel Uygulamaları. 2. Baskı, Ankara, Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Simon D, Kriston L, Loh A, Spies,C, Scheibler F, Wills C et al. (2010). Confirmatory factor analysis and recommendations for improvement of the Autonomy‐Preference‐Index (API). Health Expectations, 13, 234–243. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-7625.2009 .00584.x
  • Şirin M. (2011). Hemşirelik iş yaşamı kalitesi ölçeği’nin geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Erzurum.
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2005). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile veri analizi. Ankara, Nobel Yayınları.
  • Uzun LN, Mayda AS (2020). Hemşirelerde tükenmişlik düzeyinin çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelenmesi: bir üniversite hastanesi örneği. Konuralp Medical Journal, 12, 137–143.https://doi.org/10.18521 /ktd. 493186
  • Uzun Ö. (2003). Hemşirelik bakım kalitesi ile ilgili Newcastle Memnuniyet Ölçeğinin Türkçe formunun geçerlilik ve güvenirliliğinin saptanması. Türk Hemşireler Dergisi, 54, 16–24.
  • Yasir AS. (2016). Cross-cultural adaptation & psychometric validation of instruments: Step-wise. International Journal of Psychiatry,1, 1-4.
  • Yaşlıoğlu MM. (2017). Factor Analysis and Validity in Social Sciences: Application of Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses. Istanbul University Journal of the School of Business, 46, 74–85.
  • Younan L, Clinton M, Fares S, Samaha, H. (2019). The translation and cultural adaptation validity of the Actual Scope of Practice Questionnaire. East Mediterr Health J, 25, 181–188.
  • Zuzelo PR. (2023). Discouraging Quiet Quitting: Potential Strategies for Nurses. Holistic Nursing Practice, 37, 174–175. https://doi.org/10.1097/HNP. 0000000000000583

Hemşireler Arasında Sessiz İstifa Ölçeğinin Geçerlik ve Güvenirliği

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 351 - 359, 26.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.1459367

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Sessiz İstifa Ölçeği'nin Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirliğini test etmektir.
Yöntem: Metodolojik tipteki bu çalışma üç farklı kamu hastanesinde görev yapan 180 hemşire ile yürütülmüştür. Geçerlik analizleri için; dil uyarlama çalışmasının ardından kapsam geçerlik indeksi hesaplanırken, yapı geçerliği için; açımlayıcı faktör analizi ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi uygulanmıştır. Ölçeğin güvenirlik analizi için; iki yarı yöntemi kullanılmış ve Cronbach alfa katsayısı hesaplanmıştır
Bulgular: Uzman görüşlerine dayalı hesaplanan kapsam geçerlik indeksi 08.80-1.00 arasında hesaplanmıştır. Yapı geçerliğinin test edilmesinde Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin testi sonucu 0.744, Barlett Küresellik Testi Ki Kare değeri 510.041; p<0.000 hesaplanırken, açımlayıcı faktör analizinde toplam varyans açıklayıcılık oranı %60.46, tüm maddelerin faktör yüklerinin ise 0.318-0.684 arasında değiştiği saptanmıştır. Ölçeğin Cronbach's Alpha katsayısı 0.79 olarak bulunurken, alt boyutlara ilişkin alfa değerleri ise 0.701 ve 0.803 olarak hesaplanmıştır.
Sonuç: Bu çalışma, Sessiz İstifa Ölçeği'nin Türkçe versiyonunun geçerli ve güvenilir olduğunu doğrulamıştır. Türk hemşirelerinin, sessizce bırakma düzeylerini değerlendirmek amacıyla kullanılabileceğini ortaya koyulmuştur.

Ethical Statement

Ethical Aspects of The Study In conducting this study (2023/334), written approval was obtained from the participating nurses, the original owner of the scale, the institutions where the study was conducted, and the relevant ethics committee.

Supporting Institution

The researcher(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship and/or publication of this article.

Thanks

Thanks to all the students who agreed to participate in the study.

References

  • Alpar R. (2010). Uygulamalı İstatistik ve Geçerlik-Güvenirlik: Spor, Sağlık ve Eğitim Bilimlerinden Örneklerle. Ankara, Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Atalay M, Dağıstan U. (2023). Quiet quitting: a new wine in an old bottle? Personnel Review, 53, 1059-1074. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-02-2023-0122
  • Baykul Y. (2015). Eğitimde ve psikolojide ölçme: Klasik test teorisi ve uygulaması. 3. Baskı, Ankara, Pegem Akademi.
  • Boniol M, Kunjumen T, Nair TS, Siyam A, Campbell J, Diallo K. (2022). The global health workforce stock and distribution in 2020 and 2030: A threat to equity and ‘universal’health coverage? BMJ Global Health, 7, e009316. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009 316
  • Çalışkan K. (2023). Sessiz İstifa: Sonun Başlangıcı mı Yeniden Diriliş mi? Journal of Organizational Behavior Review, 5, 190–204.
  • Çapık C, Gözüm S, Aksayan S. (2018). Intercultural scale adaptation stages, language and culture adaptation: Updated guideline. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing-Florence Nightingale Hemsirelik Dergisi, 26, 199-210. https://doi.org/10.26650/fnjn397481
  • Çapri B, Gündüz B, Gökçakan Z. (2011). Maslach tükenmişlik envanteri-öğrenci formu’nun (mte-öf) Türkçe’ye uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal, 40, 134-147.
  • Cerit B, Uzun LN. (2022). Being a nurse at the ground zero of care in Turkey during the covid-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. Journal of Religion and Health, 61, 827–850. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-014 91-4
  • Çimen Aİ, Yılmaz T. (2023). Sessiz istifa ne kadar sessiz. Sakarya Üniversitesi İşletme Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5, 27–33. https://doi.org/10.47542/sauied.1256798
  • Davis LL. (1992). Instrument review: Getting the most from a panel of experts. Applied Nursing Research, 5, 194–197.
  • Erkorkmaz Ü, Etikan İ, Demir O, Özdamar K, Sanisoğlu SY. (2013). Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi ve Uyum İndeksleri. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 33, 210–223. https://doi.org/10.5336 /medsci.2011-26747
  • Esin M. (2014). Veri toplama yöntem ve araçları ve veri toplama araçlarının güvenirlik ve geçerliği. Erdoğan S, Nahcivan N, Esin MN, editors. Hemşirelikte Araştırma: Süreç, Uygulama ve Kritik. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, p.217-230.
  • Falatah R. (2021). The impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on nurses’ turnover intention: An integrative review. Nursing Reports, 11, 787–810. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep11040075
  • Field A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS. 2. Baskı, London SAGE Publications Ltd. Formica S, Sfodera F. (2022). The Great Resignation and Quiet Quitting paradigm shifts: An overview of current situation and future research directions. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 31, 899–907. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2022.21 36601
  • Galanis P, Moisoglou I, Katsiroumpa A, Vraka I, Siskou O, Konstantakopoulou O et al. (2023a). Quiet quitting among nurses increases their turnover intention: Evidence from Greece in the post-COVID-19 era. Healthcare, 2024, 12, 79. https://doi.org/10.3390 /healthcare12010079
  • Galanis P, Katsiroumpa A, Vraka I, Siskou O, Konstantakopoulou O, Katsoulas T et al. (2023b). Nurses quietly quit their job more often than other healthcare workers: an alarming issue for healthcare services. International Nursing Review. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12931
  • Galanis P, Katsiroumpa A, Vraka I, Konstantakopoulou O, Moisoglou I, Gallos P et al. (2023c). Quiet quitting among employees: a proposed cut-off score for the “Quiet Quitting” Scale. PREPRINT (Version 1) available at Research Square [https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3076541/v1]
  • Galanis P, Katsiroumpa A, Vraka I, Siskou O, Konstantakopoulou O, Moisoglou I, et al. (2023d). The quiet quitting scale: Development and initial validation. AIMS Public Health, 10, 828-848. https://doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2023055
  • Galanis P, Moisoglou I, Katsiroumpa A, Malliarou M, Vraka I, Gallos P et al. (2024a). Impact of workplace bullying on quiet quitting in nurses: The mediating effect of coping strategies. Healthcare, 12, 797. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12070797
  • Galanis P, Moisoglou I, Katsiroumpa A, Vraka I, Siskou O, Konstantakopoulou O et al. (2024b). Moral Resilience Reduces Levels of Quiet Quitting, Job Burnout, and Turnover Intention among Nurses: Evidence in the Post-COVID-19 Era. Nursing Reports, 14, 254–266. https://doi.org/10.3390/ nursrep14010020
  • ITC. 2021. ITC guidelines for translating and adapting tests. second. Erişim Tarihi: 10.07.2024, https://www. intestcom. org/files/guideline_test_adaptation_2ed. pdf.
  • Kaiser HF. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39, 31–36.
  • Kline P. (2000). Test construction: Factor analytic and item analytic methods. Handbook of Psychological Testing. 2nd Ed. London, New York: Routledge, p.161–181.
  • Mariah Espada. (2022). Employees Say ‘Quiet Quitting’ Is Just Setting Boundaries. Companies Fear Long-Term Effects. Time. Erişim Tarihi: 12.11.2023, https://time.com/6208115/quiet-quitting-companies-response/
  • Moisoglou I, Katsiroumpa A, Vraka I, Kalogeropoulou M, Gallos P, Prasini I et al. (2024). Quiet quitting threatens healthcare organizations and services: alarming evidence from a cross-sectional study with nurses in Greece. PREPRINT (Version 1) available at Research Square [https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4593376/v1].
  • Özdamar K. (2017). Ölçek ve test geliştirme yapısal eşitlik modellemesi IBM SPSS, IBM SPSS AMOS ve MINTAB uygulamalı. Eskişehir, Nisan Kitabevi.
  • Rizzo A, Yıldırım M, Öztekin, GG, De Carlo A, Nucera G, Szarpak L et al. (2023). Nurse burnout before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic comparative review. Frontiers in Public Health, 11:1225431.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.122 5431
  • Seçer İ. (2018). Psikolojik Test Geliştirme ve Uyarlama Süreci Spss ve Lisrel Uygulamaları. 2. Baskı, Ankara, Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Simon D, Kriston L, Loh A, Spies,C, Scheibler F, Wills C et al. (2010). Confirmatory factor analysis and recommendations for improvement of the Autonomy‐Preference‐Index (API). Health Expectations, 13, 234–243. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-7625.2009 .00584.x
  • Şirin M. (2011). Hemşirelik iş yaşamı kalitesi ölçeği’nin geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Erzurum.
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2005). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile veri analizi. Ankara, Nobel Yayınları.
  • Uzun LN, Mayda AS (2020). Hemşirelerde tükenmişlik düzeyinin çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelenmesi: bir üniversite hastanesi örneği. Konuralp Medical Journal, 12, 137–143.https://doi.org/10.18521 /ktd. 493186
  • Uzun Ö. (2003). Hemşirelik bakım kalitesi ile ilgili Newcastle Memnuniyet Ölçeğinin Türkçe formunun geçerlilik ve güvenirliliğinin saptanması. Türk Hemşireler Dergisi, 54, 16–24.
  • Yasir AS. (2016). Cross-cultural adaptation & psychometric validation of instruments: Step-wise. International Journal of Psychiatry,1, 1-4.
  • Yaşlıoğlu MM. (2017). Factor Analysis and Validity in Social Sciences: Application of Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses. Istanbul University Journal of the School of Business, 46, 74–85.
  • Younan L, Clinton M, Fares S, Samaha, H. (2019). The translation and cultural adaptation validity of the Actual Scope of Practice Questionnaire. East Mediterr Health J, 25, 181–188.
  • Zuzelo PR. (2023). Discouraging Quiet Quitting: Potential Strategies for Nurses. Holistic Nursing Practice, 37, 174–175. https://doi.org/10.1097/HNP. 0000000000000583
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Fundamentals of Nursing, Nursing Management
Journal Section Araştırma
Authors

Lütfiye Nur Uzun 0000-0002-8724-3843

Hümeyra Hançer Tok 0000-0003-3283-4192

Publication Date August 26, 2025
Submission Date March 29, 2024
Acceptance Date August 2, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Uzun, L. N., & Hançer Tok, H. (2025). Validity and Reliability of Quiet Quitting Scale Among Nurses. Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi, 8(2), 351-359. https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.1459367
AMA Uzun LN, Hançer Tok H. Validity and Reliability of Quiet Quitting Scale Among Nurses. Ordu University J Nurs Stud. August 2025;8(2):351-359. doi:10.38108/ouhcd.1459367
Chicago Uzun, Lütfiye Nur, and Hümeyra Hançer Tok. “Validity and Reliability of Quiet Quitting Scale Among Nurses”. Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi 8, no. 2 (August 2025): 351-59. https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.1459367.
EndNote Uzun LN, Hançer Tok H (August 1, 2025) Validity and Reliability of Quiet Quitting Scale Among Nurses. Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi 8 2 351–359.
IEEE L. N. Uzun and H. Hançer Tok, “Validity and Reliability of Quiet Quitting Scale Among Nurses”, Ordu University J Nurs Stud, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 351–359, 2025, doi: 10.38108/ouhcd.1459367.
ISNAD Uzun, Lütfiye Nur - Hançer Tok, Hümeyra. “Validity and Reliability of Quiet Quitting Scale Among Nurses”. Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi 8/2 (August2025), 351-359. https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.1459367.
JAMA Uzun LN, Hançer Tok H. Validity and Reliability of Quiet Quitting Scale Among Nurses. Ordu University J Nurs Stud. 2025;8:351–359.
MLA Uzun, Lütfiye Nur and Hümeyra Hançer Tok. “Validity and Reliability of Quiet Quitting Scale Among Nurses”. Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 2, 2025, pp. 351-9, doi:10.38108/ouhcd.1459367.
Vancouver Uzun LN, Hançer Tok H. Validity and Reliability of Quiet Quitting Scale Among Nurses. Ordu University J Nurs Stud. 2025;8(2):351-9.