GÜÇ ZEHİRLENMESİ -Kamu Tercihi, Politik Psikoloji ve Politik Psikiyatri Perspektiflerinden Mutlak Siyasi Gücün Psikopatolojisi-

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 89 - 110, 31.12.2024

Coşkun Can Aktan

https://doi.org/10.69785/oybd.1413989

Öz

Güç zehirlenmesi olgusunun ortaya çıkmasında sınırsız ve genellikle kontrol edil(e)meyen siyasi güce sahip olmak önem taşır. Makama, mevkiye, otoriteye karşı istek ve arzusu olan bir siyasi lider eğer uzun süreli ve kalıcı mutlak siyasi güce sahip olursa sahip olduğu kişilik özellikleri (narsisizm, Makyavelizm ve psikopati) etkisini göstererek su yüzüne çıkar ve “güç zehirlenmesi” adı verilen bir olgu görülür. Hele ki, siyasi liderin partizanlar ve millet tarafından ilahlaştırılması sözkonusu olduğunda hubris lider gerçeklikle temasını tamamen kaybederek bir zehirli lidere dönüşebilir. “Zehirli siyasi liderlik” iktidarda bulunan haris ve hubris bir siyasetçinin zafer sarhoşluğuna ve güç zehirlenmesine yenik düşmesi neticesinde mutlak iktidarını kalıcı hale getirme maksadıyla herestetik sanatını icra ederek her türlü makyavelist araçları ve siyasi manipülasyon yollarını fütursuzca ve zalimane şekilde kullanması anlamına gelir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mutlak Güç, Kalıcı İktidar, İktidar Hırsı, Kazanma Etkisi, Siyasi Düzenbazlık, Güç Zehirlenmesi, Zehirli Siyasi Liderlik

Kaynakça

• Acton, J. 1907. Historical Essays and Studies. Macmillan. Online Erişim: Online Line of Liberty, https://oll.libertyfund.org/title/laurence-historical-essays-and-studies
• Aktan, C. C. 2019. Kamu Tercihi İktisadı ve Anayasal Politik İktisat, Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları.
• Aktan, C. C. 2022. “Makyavelizm, Herestetik ve Siyasi Manipülasyon Sanatı (Kamu Tercihi Perspektifinden “İyiliksever Despot” ve İktidar Hırsı), Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi, 14 (2): 122-145.
• Aktan, C. C. 2024a. “Siyasi Hubris Sendromu (Kamu Tercihi, Politik Psikoloji ve Politik Psikiyatri Perspektiflerinden Haris ve Hubris Siyasi Liderliğin Psikopatolojik Boyutu)”, Organizasyon ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 16 (1).
• Aktan, C. C. 2024b. “Mutlak Güç ve Yozlaşma, Güç ve Güç Odaklarının Anatomisi”, Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi, 16 (1): 53-74.,
• American Psychiatric Association. 1994. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edn DSM–IV. APA.
• Ashforth, B. 1994. "Petty Tyranny in Organizations". Human Relations, 47(7), 755-778.
• Blaug, R. 2014. How Power Corrupts: Cognition And Democracy in Organisations. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Boétie, Étienne de la. 2015. Gönüllü Kulluk Üzerine Söylev (Çev. M. A. Ağaoğulları), Ankara: İmge.
• Booth, A., Shelley, G.; Mazur, A.; Tharp, G.; Kittok, R. 1989. "Testosterone, And Winning And Losing in Human Competition". Hormones and Behavior. 23 (4): 556–71.
• Buchanan, J.M. 1975. The Limits of Liberty: Between Anarchy And Leviathan. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
• Buchanan, J.M. 2002. The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan, Foreword by Harmut Kliemt, 20 vols. (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1999-2002). Vol. 7 The Limits of Liberty: Between Anarchy and Leviathan. <https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/1827>
• Carvey, 1989. P. M. “Dopamine”, in: Encyclopedia of Movement Disorders, 2010.
• Canguilhem, G. 1989. The Normal and the Pathological. (Translated by. Carolyn R Fawcett). New York, Zone Books.
• Charny I.W. 1986. “Genocide and Mass Destruction: Doing Harm To Others As A Missing Dimension İn Psychopathology.”, Psychiatry, 49: 144-157
• Charny I.W. 1997. “A Personality Disorder Of Excessive Power Strivings.”, The Israel Journal Of Psychiatry And Related Sciences, 34(1):3-15.
• Coates, J. & M. Gurnell & Z. Sarnyai. 2017. "From Molecule to Market", in: Garrard, P. ed. 2017. The Leadership Hubris Epidemic: Biological Roots And Strategies For Prevention. London: Palgrave MacMillan.
• Garrard, P., & Robinson, G. Eds. 2016. The Intoxication Of Power. London: Palgrave McMillan.
• Garrard, P.& Rentoumi, V. & Lambert, C. & Owen, D. 2014. “Linguistic Biomarkers of Hubris Syndrome”, Cortex, 55: 167-181.
• Garrard, P. ed. 2017. The Leadership Hubris Epidemic: Biological Roots And Strategies For Prevention. London: Palgrave MacMillan
• Garrard, P. 2017. “Frontotemporal Dementia: A Clue to the Biological Basis of Hubris Syndrome?” in: Garrard, P. ed. 2017. The Leadership Hubris Epidemic: Biological Roots And Strategies For Prevention. London: Palgrave MacMillan.
• Ghaemi S.N., Liapis C., Owen D. 2016. “The Psychopathology of Power”. In: Garrard P., Robinson G. (eds.) The Intoxication of Power. Palgrave Macmillan, London.
• Ghaemi, N. 2017. Birinci Sınıf Delilik 5. Baskı, (Çev. Y. Alogan), İstanbul: İthaki.
• Ginneken, J. 2014. The Psychology Of Power: Temptation At The Top. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Goldman, A. 2010. Destructive Leaders And Dysfunctional Organizations: A Therapeutic Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Gondolfi, F. & S. Stone, 2022. "Toxic Leadership: Behaviors, Characteristics, and Consequences", Journal of Management Research 22(1):19-27.
• Hock, K. & Huber, R. 2009. "Models Of Winner And Loser Effects: A Cost–Benefit Analysis". Behaviour. 146 (1): 69–87.
• Hsu, Y. and L. L. Wolf. 1999. The Winner And Loser Effect: Integrating Multiple Experiences. Animal. Behaviour. 57, 903–910.
• Hume, D. 1889 (1987). Essays Moral, Political, Literary, edited and with a Foreword, Notes, and Glossary by Eugene F. Miller, with an appendix of variant readings from the 1889 edition by T.H. Green and T.H. Grose, revised edition (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund 1987). Online Library of Liberty, https://oll.libertyfund.org/title/hume-essays-moral-political-literary-lf-ed
• Kets de Vries, M.F.R. 2003. Leaders, Fools And Impostors: Essays On The Psychology Of Leadership. New York, NY: iUniverse, Inc.
• Kets de Vries, M.F.R. 1989. Prisoners of Leadership. New York: Wiley.
• Lipman-Blumen, J. 2005. “Toxic Leadership: When Grand İllusions Masquerade As Noble Visions”. Leader to Leader, 2005(36), 29-36.
• Lipman-Blumen, J. 2006. The Allure Of Toxic Leadership: Why We Follow Destructive Bosses And Corrupt Politicians—And How We Can Survive Them. New York: Oxford University Press.
• Owen, L. D. 2006. Hubris and Nemesis in Heads Of Government. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 9911, 548-551.
• Owen, D. 2008a. Hubris Syndrome. Clinical Medicine, 84, 428-432.
• Owen, D. 2008b. In Sickness and In Power: Illness in Heads of Government During The Last 100 Years. London: Methuen Publishing.
• Owen, D. 2012. The Hubris Syndrome: Bush, Blair And The Intoxication Of Power. London: Methuen Publishing.
• Owen, D. 2018. Heads of Government, ‘Toe-Holders’ and Time Limits. The Leadership Hubris Epidemic Biological Roots And Strategies For Prevention, (Ed. P. Garrard). Palgrave Macmillan, Switzerland.
• Owen, D., & Davidson, J. 2009. “Hubris Syndrome: An Acquired Personality Disorder? A Study Of US Presidents And UK Prime Ministers Over The Last 100 Years. Brain”, Journal of Neurology, 1325, 1396–1406.
• Padilla, A. & Hogan, R. and Kaiser, R. B. 2017. “The Toxic Triangle: Destructive Leaders, Susceptible Followers, and Conducive Environments”, The Leadership Quarterly, 18: 176–194.
• Platon. 2000. Devlet. (Çev. S. Eyüboğlu ve M. A. Cimcoz), İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınları.
• Reed, G. E. 2004. "Toxic Leadership". Military Review, (August), 67-71.
• Robertson, I.H. 2012. The Winner Effect: How Power Affects Your Brain, London: Bloomsbury.
• Robertson, I.H. 2014. Zafer Sarhoşluğu, (çev. S. Öksüz), İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
• Robertson, I.H. 2017. “The Winner Effect—The Neuropsychology of Power, in: Garrard P. (2017). The Leadership Hubris Epidemic : Biological Roots And Strategies For Prevention. London: Palgrave Macmillan, Springer International Publishing.
• Russell, B. 1967. A History of Western Philosophy: And Its Connection with Political and Social Circumstances from the Earliest Times to the Present Day New York: Simon and Schuster.
• Ryan, C. J. 2018. The Virility Paradox: The Vast Influence of Testosterone on Our Bodies, Minds, and the World We Live In. BenBella Books.
• Taylor, L. A. & I. Creese. 2002. “Dopamine”, in Encyclopedia of the Human Brain.
• Tolstoy, L. 2016. Din Nedir, İstanbul: Ema Kitap.
• Trivers, R. 2013. The Folly of Fools: The Logic Of Deceit And Self-Deception in Human Life. London: Basic Books.
• Whicker, M.L. 1996. Toxic Leaders: When Organizations Go Bad. Westport, Connecticut: Quorum Books.