Konuşma Sesi Bozukluğunda Fonolojik Döngü ile Alıcı Dil ve Sözel Olmayan Zekanın İlişkisi

Year 2025, Erken Görünüm, 1 - 14

Şefika Ahsen İşgören , Nurdan Cankuvvet

https://doi.org/10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.1614314

Abstract

Giriş: Konuşma Sesi Bozukluğu (KSB), çocukların fonolojik ve bilişsel süreçlerini olumsuz etkileyerek akademik gelişimleri için risk oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, etkili müdahale için risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi önemlidir. Bu araştırmada, KSB’li çocuklarda fonolojik döngü ile alıcı dil ve sözel olmayan zekâ arasındaki ilişki; KSB şiddeti ve yaş değişkenlerine göre incelenmiştir.
Yöntem: Nicel yöntemle yürütülen araştırmada tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. 4-6 yaş aralığında 62 KSB'li çocuğa, Sesletim Sesbilgisi Testi (SST) , Türkçe Erken Dil Gelişimi Testi (TEDİL), Türkçe Anlamsız Sözcük Tekrarı Testi (TAST) ve Raven Renkli Progresif Matrisler Testi (RRPMT) uygulanarak veri toplanmıştır. KSB şiddeti ve yaş değişkenlerinin TAST puanını nasıl etkilediği Kruskal-Wallis H Testi; TEDİL ve TAST puanları arasındaki ilişki Spearman Korelasyon, TAST ve RRPMT arasındaki ilişki ise Pearson Korelasyon analiziyle değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: KSB’li çocuklarda Anlamsız Sözcük Tekrarı (AST) ile ölçülen fonolojik döngünün; alıcı dil becerileriyle ilişkili olmadığı, sözel olmayan zekâ ile ilişkili olduğu, KSB şiddetine göre anlamlı farklılık gösterirken yaşa göre farklılık göstermediği bulunmuştur.
Tartışma: KSB'li çocukların dil ve fonolojik becerileri arasındaki ilişkiye dair bulgular farklılık göstermektedir. AST performansı ile sözel olmayan zekâ arasında ilişki olduğunu gösteren çalışmalarla uyumlu bulgular elde edilmiştir. Diğer araştırmalarda olduğu gibi, KSB şiddetinin kısa süreli bellek performansını etkilediği, ancak yaşın bu performans üzerinde belirgin bir etkisi olmadığı gözlemlenmiştir.
Sonuç ve Öneriler: KSB olan çocukların sözel olmayan bilişsel becerilerinin değerlendirmeye dahil edilmesi gerektiği gösteren sonuçlar, okuma güçlüğü riskine karşı fonolojik döngünün dil ve konuşma terapistleri açısından dikkate alınması gerektiğini işaret etmektedir. KSB şiddeti düzeylerine göre farklılık görülürken yaşa göre görülmemesi, fonolojik becerilerin erken dönemde desteklenip okuryazarlık sorunlarının engellenmesi gerektiğini düşündürtmektedir.

Keywords

Konuşma sesi bozukluğu , anlamsız sözcük tekrarı , fonolojik döngü , sözel olmayan zeka , erken okuryazarlık

The Relationship Between the Phonological Loop and Receptive Language and Nonverbal Intelligence in Speech Sound Disorders

Abstract

Introduction: Speech Sound Disorder (SSD) negatively affects children’s phonological and cognitive processes, posing risks to academic development. Accordingly, identifying risk factors is essential for effective intervention. This study investigated associations among the phonological loop (PL), receptive language, and nonverbal intelligence (NVI) in children aged 4-6 years with SSD, and examined whether these relationships vary by SSD severity and age.
Method: This quantitative study employed a cross-sectional screening design. Data were collected from 62 children aged 4-6 years with SSD using the Turkish Articulation and Phonology Test (TAPT), the Turkish Early Language Development Test (TELDT), the Turkish Nonword Repetition Test (TNWR-T), and Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices (RCPM). Differences in TNWR-T scores by SSD severity and age were analyzed with the Kruskal–Wallis H test. The association between TELDT and TNWR-T scores was examined using Spearman’s rho, and the association between TNWR-T and RCPM was assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient.
Findings: Findings on the linkage between language and phonological skills in children with SSD are mixed in the literature. Consistent with prior work, the present results support an association between nonword repetition performance and nonverbal intelligence. As in other studies, SSD severity was related to short-term verbal memory performance, while age showed no significant effect.
Discussion: Findings regarding the relationship between language and phonological skills in children with SSD remain mixed in the literature. The present study adds to this body of work by showing results consistent with prior research linking TNWR-T performance to nonverbal intelligence. Consistent with other studies, SSD severity was found to affect short-term verbal memory performance, whereas age did not exert a significant effect.
Conclusions and Recommendations: These results highlight the importance of including nonverbal cognitive skills in the assessment of children with SSD. They also suggest that the phonological loop should be considered by speech–language therapists in evaluating risk for reading difficulties. The finding that differences emerge by SSD severity but not by age underscores the need for early support of phonological skills to help prevent later literacy problems.

Keywords

Speech sound disorder , nonword repetition , phonological loop , nonverbal intelligence , early literacy

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