DEVELOPMENT AND IN VITRO CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOEMULSION AND NANOEMULSION BASED GEL CONTAINING ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULUS ETHANOL EXTRACT

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 36 - 43, 06.04.2022

Ayse Sena Atmaca Yasar Furkan Kılınboz Afife Büşra Uğur Kaplan , Meltem Çetin

Öz

Aim: Tarragon, or Artemisia dracunculus, is a member of the Asteraceae family that grows wild in Eastern Anatolia of Turkey. According to previously published studies, Artemisia dracunculus extracts possess antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, these extracts can be used to heal wounds. Nanoemulsion (NE) is a suitable dosage form for the application of active substances/compounds via the skin. The aim of this study is to develop and in vitro characterize NE and NE-based gel formulations containing Artemisia dracunculus ethanol extract.
Methods: Extract-containing (E-NE) or blank (B-NE) NE formulations were prepared using ethyl oleate, Lipoid S100, Tween 80, Pluronic F127, DMSO, and ultrapure water. NaCMC was added to NE formulations to obtain NE-based gels (NEGs). The droplet size, PDI and zeta potential values of NEs were determined; pH measurement, FT-IR and rheological analyzes were also performed for NEs and NEGs.
Results: The droplet size and zeta potential values of B-NE and E-NE were found as 139.13±5.15 nm and 135.59±4.81 nm, (-)27.53±2.05 mV and (-)26.28±3.21 mV, respectively. Also, PDI values of NE formulations were <0.3, indicating monodispersity. The pH values of NEs and NEGs were found in the range of 4.26±0.10 - 6.16±0.03, using suitably for topical application. In addition, NEGs formulations showed a pseudoplastic behavior which is important for the topical application. FT-IR results showed that the extract is completely dissolved in the oil phase of formulations.
Conclusion: The NE and NEG may be useful for the topical application of Artemisia dracunculus ethanol extract.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Artemisia dracunculus, extract, nanoemulsion, nanoemulsion-based gel, topical application.

Teşekkür

Yasar Furkan KILINBOZ would like to thank to the scholarship along his postgraduate program provided by the Turkish Scientific and Technical Research Council (TUBITAK).

Kaynakça

• 1. Benli M, Kaya I, Yiğit N. Screening antimicrobial activity of various extracts of Artemisia dracunculus. L. Cell Biochem Funct, 2007;25(6):681-686.
• 2. Obolsky D, Pischel B, Feistel N, Glotov N, Heinrich M. Artemisia dracunculus L. (Tarragon): A critical review of its traditional use, chemical compositions, pharmacology, and safety. J. Agric. Food. Chem., 2011;59(21):11367-11385.
• 3. Ranjbar R, Yousefi A. Artemisia dracunculus in combination with chitosan nanoparticle biofilm improves wound healing in MRSA infected excisional wounds: an animal model study. EurAsia J Biosci. 2018;12:219-226.
• 4. Minda D, Ghiulai R, Banciu CD, Pavel IZ, Danciu C, Racoviceanu R et al. Phytochemical profile, antioxidant and wound healing potential of three Artemisia species: in vitro and in ovo evaluation. Appl. Sci, 2022;12:1359.
• 5. Ugur Kaplan AB, Cetin M, Orgul D, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A, Hacimuftuoglu A, Hekimoglu S. Formulation and in vitro characterization of topical nanoemulsion and nanoemulsion-based gels containing daidzein. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2019;52:189-203. 6. Lovelyn C. Current state of nanoemulsions in drug delivery. J Biomater Nanobiotechnol. 2011;2:24-32.
• 7. Tadros T, Izquierdo P, Esqueana J, Solans C. Formation and stability of nanoemulsions, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 2004;108-109:303-318.
• 8. Chakrabarti S, Chattopadhyay P, Islam J, Ray S, Raju PS, Mazumder B. Aspects of nanomaterials in wound healing. Current Drug Delivery. 2019;16:26-41.
• 9. Ahmad N, Ahmad R, Al-Quadihi A, Alaseel SE, Fita İZ, Khalid MS et al. Preparation of a novel curcumin nanoemulsion by ultrasonication and its comparative effects in wound healing and the treatment of inflammation. RSC Adv. 2019;9:20192.
• 10. Kazemi M, Mohammadifar M, Aghadavoud E, Vakili Z, Aarabi MH, Talaei SA. Deep skin wound healing potential of lavender essential oil and licorice extract in a nanoemulsion form: Biochemical, histopathological and gene expression evidence. Journal of Tissue Viability. 2020;29:116-124.
• 11. Sengupta P, Chatterjee B. Potential and future scope of nanoemulgel formulation for topical drug delivery of lipophilic drugs, Int. J. Pharm. 2017; 526:353-365.
• 12. Choudhury H, Gorain B, Pandey M, Chatterjee LA, Sengupta P, Das A et al.Recent Update on Nanoemulgel as Topical Drug Delivery System. J Pharm Sci. 2017;106(7):1736-1751.
• 13. Sengupta P, Chatterjee B. Potential and future scope of nanoemulgel formulation for topical delivery of lipophilic drugs. Int J Pharm. 2017; 30;526(1-2):353-365.
• 14. Honary S, Zahir F. Effect of zeta potential on the properties of nano-drug delivery systems- a review (Part 2). Trop. J. Pharmaceut. Res. 2013;12:265-273.
• 15. Danaei M, Dehghankhold M, Ataei S, Hasanzadeh Davarani F, Javanmard R, Dokhani A et al. Impact of particle size and polydispersity index on the clinical applications of lipidic nanocarriers systems. Pharmaceutics. 2018;10:57.
• 16. Lambers H, Piessens S, Bloem A, Pronk H, Finkel P. Natural skin surface pH is below 5, which is beneficial for its resident flora. International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 2006; 28(5):359-370.
• 17. El-Leithy ES, Makky AM, Khattab AM, Hussein DG. Nanoemulsion gel of nutraceutical co-enzyme Q10 as an alternative to conventional topical delivery system to enhance skin permeability and anti-wrinkle efficiency. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2017; 9(10):207-217.
• 18. Kandilli B, Ugur Kaplan AB, Cetin M, Taspinar N, Ertugrul MS, Aydin IC et al. Carbamazepine and levetiracetam-loaded PLGA nanoparticles prepared by nanoprecipitation method: in vitro and in vivo studies. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy. 2020;46(7):1063-1072.