Hemşirelik eğitiminde teknoloji: Artırılmış gerçeklik

Abstract

Sanal görüntülerin gerçek zamanlı olarak, gerçek dünya nesneleri ile birleştirildiği artırılmış gerçeklik teknolojisi, 21. yüzyıl “Z kuşağı” gençlerinin eğitiminde yer almaya başlamıştır. Günümüzde öğrenme sürecine katkı sağlayan artırılmış gerçeklik uygulamaları, hemşirelik eğitimi alanına da aktarılmaktadır. Veri tabanlarında “hemşirelik eğitimi”, “arttırılmış gerçeklik” ve “nursing education”, “augmented reality” anahtar kelimeleri kombinasyonları ile tarama yapıldığında, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin İngilizce yeterliliklerini geliştirmeye, anatomi bilgilerini artırmaya ve bazı hemşirelik girişimlerinin öğretimine yönelik çeşitli artırılmış gerçeklik uygulamalarına rastlanmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçları öğrencilerin artırılmış gerçeklik yöntemi ile öğrenme deneyimlerini geliştirdiklerini ve bu şekilde öğrenmenin ilgi çekici ve kullanışlı hale geldiğini göstermektedir. Bu derlemede, ortamının gerçekliğini arttıran ve soyut kavramları somutlaştırarak öğrenmeye katkı sağlayan artırılmış gerçeklik teknolojisinin tanımı, hemşirelik eğitimindeki yeri, önemi ve bu konuda yapılan araştırma sonuçları yer almaktadır.

Keywords

• Artırılmış gerçeklik
• Hemşirelik
• Hemşirelik eğitimi

Technology in nursing education: Augmented reality

Abstract

The augmented reality technology, in which virtual images are combined with real world objects in real time, has begun to take part in the education of “Generation Z”, 21st century youth. Today, augmented reality applications that contribute to the learning process are also utilized in the field of nursing education. When database research is conducted with the combinations of “nursing education” and “augmented reality” keywords, it is seen that various augmented reality applications are used for improving English proficiency, anatomy knowledge and some of the nursing practices of nursing students. Research results show that students’ learning experiences are improved with the use of augmented reality method thus learning becomes interesting and useful. This review includes the definition of augmented reality technology which increases the reality of environment and improves learning by embodying abstract concepts, its importance and place in nursing education, and the results of various studies on this subject.

Keywords

• Augmented reality
• Nursing
• Nursing education

References

1. [1] Aydın GÇ, Başol O. “X ve Y kuşağı çalışmanın anlamında bir değişme var mı?”. Ejovoc (Electronic Journal of Vocational Colleges), 4(4), 1-15, 2014.
2. [2] Erten P. “Z kuşağının dijital teknolojiye yönelik tutumları”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Elektronik Dergisi, 10(1), 190-202, 2019.
3. [3] Bilgiç HG, Duman D, Seferoğlu SS. “Dijital yerlilerin özellikleri ve çevrim içi ortamların tasarlanmasındaki etkileri”. Akademik Bilişim, 2(4), 1-7, 2011.
4. [4] Altunbay M, Bıçak N. “Türkçe eğitimi derslerinde “z kuşağı” bireylerine uygun teknoloji tabanlı uygulamaların kullanımı”. Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken/Journal of World of Turks, 10(1), 127-142, 2018.
5. [5] Hajhashemi K, Caltabiano N, Anderson N. “Net-Geners’ perceptions of engagement through online videos”. Journal of Computers in Education, 4(3), 321-337, 2017.
6. [6] Silveira MS, Cogo ALP. “The contributions of digital technologies in the teaching of nursing skills: an integrative review”. Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem, 38(2), 1-9, 2017.
7. [7] Kala S, Isaramalai SA, Pohthong A. “Electronic learning and constructivism: A model for nursing education”. Nurse Education Today, 30(1), 61-66, 2010.
8. [8] Gündoğdu H, Dikmen Y. “Hemşirelik eğitiminde simülasyon: Sanal gerçeklik ve haptik sistemler”. Journal of Human Rhythm, 3(4), 173-176, 2017.

9. [9] Maıolı E. “New generations and employment-an exploratory study about tensions between the psychosocial characteristics of the generation z and expectations and actions of organizational structures related with employment”. Journal of Business, 2(1), 1-12, 2016.
10. [10] Küçük S, Kapakin S, Göktaş Y. “Tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin mobil artırılmış gerçeklikle anatomi öğrenimine yönelik görüşleri”. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi, 5(3), 316-323, 2015.
11. [11] Wüller H, Behrens J, Garthaus M, Marquard S, Remmers H. “A scoping review of augmented reality in nursing”. BMC Nursing, 18(19), 1-11, 2019.
12. [12] Zhu E, Hadadgar A, Masiello I, Zary N. “Augmented reality in healthcare education: an integrative review”. Peer Journal, 2(2), 1-17, 2016.
13. [13] Özarslan Y. “Öğrenen içerik etkileşiminin genişletilmiş gerçeklik ile zenginleştirilmesi”. 5th International Computer & Instructional Technologies Symposium (ICITS 2011), Fırat Üniversitesi, Elazığ, Türkiye, 22-24 September 2011.
14. [14] İçten T, Bal G. “Artırılmış gerçeklik üzerine son gelişmelerin ve uygulamaların incelenmesi”. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 111-136, 2017.
15. [15] İçten T, Bal G. “Artırılmış gerçeklik teknolojisi üzerine yapılan akademik çalışmaların içerik analizi”. Bilişim Teknolojileri Dergisi, 10(4), 401-415, 2017.
16. [16] Azuma RT. “A survey of augmented reality”. Presence, 6(4), 355-385, 1997.
17. [17] Milgram P, Kishino F. “A taxonomy of mixed reality visual displays”. IEICE Transactıons on Information and Systems, 77(12), 1321-1329, 1994.
18. [18] Altınpulluk H. “Artırılmış gerçekliği anlamak: Kavramlar ve uygulamalar”. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(4), 123‐126, 2015.
19. [19] Erbaş Ç. Mobil Artırılmış Gerçeklik Uygulamalarının Öğrencilerin Akademik Başarı ve Motivasyonuna Etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Isparta, Türkiye, 2016.
20. [20] Billinghurst M, Kato H, Poupyrev I. “The magic bookmoving seamlessly between reality and virtuality”. IEEE Computer Graphics and Application, 21(3), 6-8, 2001.
21. [21] Alkhamisi AO, Monowar MM. “Rise of augmented reality: Current and future application areas”. International Journal of Internet and Distributed Systems, 1, 25-34, 2013.
22. [22] Krevelen DWFV, Poelman R. “A survey of augmented reality technologies, applications and limitations”. The International Journal of Virtual Reality, 9(2), 1-20, 2010.
23. [23] Demirer V, Erbaş Ç. “Mobil artırılmış gerçeklik uygulamalarının incelenmesi ve eğitimsel açıdan değerlendirilmesi”. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(3),802-813, 2015.
24. [24] Altınpulluk H, Kesim M. “Geçmişten günümüze artırılmış gerçeklik uygulamalarında gerçekleşen paradigma değişimleri”. Akademik Bilişim 2015 Konferansı, Eskişehir, Türkiye, 4-6 Şubat 2015.
25. [25] Woods B. “How augmented Reality is Augmenting its own Future”. http://thenextweb.com/insider/2014/01/31/augment ed-reality-augmenting-future/#!t4WKQ (10.05.2020).
26. [26] Carmigniani J, Furht B, Anisetti M, Ceravolo P, Damiani E, Ivkovic M. “Augmented reality technologies, systems and applications”. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 51(1), 341-377, 2011.
27. [27] Küçük, S. Mobil Artırılmış Gerçeklikle Anatomi Öğreniminin Tıp Öğrencilerinin Akademik Başarıları ile Bilişsel Yüklerine Etkisi ve Öğrencilerin Uygulamaya Yönelik Görüşleri. Yayımlanmış Doktora Tezi. Atatürk Üniversitesi, Erzurum, Türkiye, 2015.
28. [28] Sung D. “The History of Augmented Reality”. http://www.pocket-lint.com/news/108888-thehistory-of-augmented-reality (11.04.2020).
29. [29] Sutherland IE. “A Head-Mounted Three Dimensional Display”. http://design.osu.edu/carlson/history/PDFs/p757- sutherland.pdf (11.04.2020).
30. [30] Mann S. “Wearable computing: A first step toward personal imaging”. Computer, 30(2), 25-32, 1997.
31. [31] Caudell TP, Mizell DW. “Augmented reality: An application of heads-up display technology to manual manufacturing processes”. Proceedings of the TwentyFifth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Kauai, USA, 7-10 January 1992.
32. [32] Höllerer T, Feiner S, Terauchi T, Rashid G, Hallaway D. “Exploring MARS: Developing indoor and outdoor user interfaces to a mobile augmented reality system”. Computers & Graphics, 23(6), 779-785, 1999.
33. [33] Thomas B, Close B, Donoghue J, Squires J, De Bondi P, Piekarski W. “First person indoor/outdoor augmented reality application: ARQuake”. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 6(1), 75-86, 2002.
34. [34] Newman J, Ingram D, Hopper A. “Augmented reality in a wide area sentient environment”. Proceedings IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Augmented Reality, New York, USA, 29-30 October. 2001.
35. [35] Sünger İ, Çankaya S. “Augmented Reality: Historical development and area of usage”. Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning, 2(3), 118-133, 2019.
36. [36] Lee N. “Volkswagen Develops Augmented Reality Service Manual for the XL1”. https://www.engadget.com/2013- 10-01-volkswagen-augmented-reality-ipad-manualxl1.html (11.03.2021).
37. [37] Gümüş F. “HoloLens Nedir”. https://www.muhendisbeyinler.net/hololens-nedir/ (07.05.2020).
38. [39] King B. Augmented-Artırılmış Gerçeklik. İstanbul, Türkiye, MediaCat, 2016.
39. [40] Kipper G, Rampolla J. Augmented Reality: An Emerging Technologies Guide to AR. 1st ed. Rockland, Syngress, 2012.
40. [41] Erbaş Ç, Demirer V. “Eğitimde artırılmış gerçeklik uygulamaları: Google Glass örneği”. Journal of Instructional Technologies & Teacher Education, 3(2), 8-16, 2014.
41. [42] Çakal MA, Eymirli EB. “Artırılmış Gerçeklik Teknolojisi”. Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Kalkınma Ajansı. http://www.kudaka.org.tr/ekler/fa254- artirilmis_gerceklik_teknolojisi.pdf (02.05.2020).
42. [43] Cheng KH, Tsai CC. "Affordances of augmented reality in Science learning: Suggestions for future search". Journal of Science Education and Technology, 22(4), 449-462, 2013.
43. [44] Wu HK, Lee SWY, Chang HY, Liang JC. “Current status, opportunities and challenges of augmented reality in education”. Computers & Education, 62, 41-49, 2013.
44. [45] Somyürek S. “Gaining the attention of generation z in learning process: Augmented reality”. Eğitim Teknolojisi Kuram ve Uygulama, 4(1), 63-80, 2014.
45. [46] Livingston MA, Ai Z, Karsch K, Gibson GO. “User interface design for military AR applications”. Virtual Reality, 15(2-3), 175-184, 2011.
46. [47] Smartis. “Türkiye’de Bir İlk: Doll Up”. https://www.smartis.com.tr/blog/?p=1394, (10.05.2020).
47. [48] Kocasu AN. “IKEA’dan Bir Artırılmış Gerçeklik Denemesi”. https://mediacat.com/ikea-mobiluygulamasi-ikea-place/(10.05.2020).
48. [49] Vlahakis V, Demiris A, Bounos E, Ioannidis N. "A novel approach to context-sensitive guided e-tours in cultural sites: Light augmented reality on PDAs". Proceedings of the 5th International conference on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Intelligent Cultural Heritage,Oudenaarde, Belgium, 7-10 December 2004.
49. [50] Chi HL, Kang SC, Wang X. "Research trends and opportunities of augmented reality applications in architecture, engineering, and construction". Automation in Construction, 33, 116-122, 2013.
50. [51] Parmar D, Pelmahale K, Kothwade R, Badgujar P. “Augmented reality system for engineering graphics”. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering (IJARCCE), 4(10), 327-330, 2015.
51. [52] Lahti M, Hatönen H, Valimaki M. “Impact of e-learning on nurses’ and student nurses knowledge, skills, and satisfaction: a systematic review and meta-analysis”. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 51(1), 136-149, 2014.
52. [53] Radu I. “Augmented reality in education: a meta-review and cross-media analysis”. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 18(6), 1-11, 2014.
53. [54] Özaydın AY, Eryılmaz S. “Yükseköğretim kurumlarında artırılmış gerçeklik uygulamalarına yönelik yapılmış araştırmaların incelenmesi”. Kastamonu Education Journal, 27(5), 2129-2141, 2019.
54. [55] Tian K, Endo M, Urata M, Mouri K, Yasuda T. “Multiviewpoint smartphone AR-based learning system for astronomical observation”. International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, 6(5), 396-400, 2014.
55. [56] Wojciechowski R, Cellary W. “Evaluation of learners’ attitude toward learning in ARIES augmented reality environments”. Computers& Education, 68, 570-585, 2013.
56. [57] Pérez-López D, Contero M. “Delivering educational multimedia contents through an augmented reality application: A case studyon its impact on knowledge acquisition and retention”. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 12(4), 19-28, 2013.
57. [58] Tomi AB, Rambli DRA. “An interactive mobile augmented reality magical playbook: Learning number with the thirsty crow”. Procedia Computer Science, 25, 123-130, 2013.
58. [59] Diegmann P, Schmidt-Kraepelin M, Eynden S, Basten D. “Benefits of augmented reality in educational environments-A systematic literature review”. Benefits, 3(6), 1542-1556, 2015.
59. [60] Kreijns K, Acker FV, Vermeulen M, Buuren HV. “What stimulates teachers to integrate ICT in their pedagogical practices? The use of digital learning materials in education”. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 217-225, 2013.
60. [61] Lu SJ, Liu YC. “Integrating augmented reality technology to enhance children’s learning in marine education”. Environmental Education Research, 21(4), 525-541, 2015.
61. [62] Gavish N, Gutiérrez T, Webel S, Rodríguez J, Peveri M, Bockholt U, Tecchia F. “Evaluating virtual reality and augmented reality training for industrial maintenance and assembly tasks”. Interactive Learning Environments, 23(6), 778-798, 2015.
62. [63] Rochlen LR, Levine R, Tait AR. “First-person point-ofview augmented reality for central line insertion training: A usability and feasibility study”. Simul Healthc, 12(1), 57-62, 2017.
63. [64] Garrett BM, Jackson C, Wilson B. “Augmented reality mlearning to enhance nursing skills acquisition in the clinical skills laboratory”. Interactive Technology and Smart Education, 12(4), 298- 314, 2015.
64. [65] Sirakaya M, Sirakaya DA. “Trends in educational augmented reality studies: A systematic review”. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 6(2), 60-74, 2018.
65. [66] Yilmaz RM. “Educational magic toys developed with augmented reality technology for early childhood education”. Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 240-248, 2016.
66. [67] Lee K. “Augmented reality in education and training”. TechTrends, 56(2), 13-21, 2012.
67. [68] Çetinkaya HH, Akçay M. “Eğitim ortamlarında arttırılmış gerçeklik uygulamaları”. Akademik Bilişim Kongresi, Antalya, Türkiye, 23-25 Ocak 2013.
68. [69] Bower M, Howe C, McCredie N, Robinson A, Grover D. “Augmented reality in education-cases, places and potentials”. Educational Media International, 51(1), 1-15, 2014.
69. [70] O’ Connell M, Smith J. “A guide to working with m learning standards: A manual for teachers trainers and developers”. Australian Flexible Learning Network, 11, 1-38, 2007.
70. [71] Wu JR, Wang ML, Liu KC, Hu MH, Lee PY. “Real-Time advanced spinal surgery via visible patient model and augmented reality system”. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 113(3), 869-881, 2014.
71. [72] Balian S, McGovern SH, Abella BS, Blewer AL, Leary M. “Feasibility of an augmented reality cardiopulmonary resuscitation training system for health care providers”. Heliyon, 5, 1-6, 2019.
72. [73] Barsom EZ, Graafland M, Schijven MP. “Systematic review on the effectiveness of augmented reality applications in medical training”. Surgical Endoscopy, 30(10), 4174-4183, 2016.
73. [74] Munzer BW, Khan MM, Shipman B, Mahajan P. “Augmented reality in emergency medicine: A scoping review”. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(4), 1-10, 2019.
74. [75] Wilson K, Doswell J, Fashola O, Debeatham W, Darko N, Walker T, Danner O, Matthews R, Weaver W. “Using augmented reality as a clinical support tool to assist combat medics in the treatment of tension pneumothoraces”. Military Medicine, 178, 981-985, 2013.
75. [76] Wang S, Parsons M, Stone-McLean J, Rogers P, Boyd S, Hoover K. “Augmented reality as a telemedicine platform for remote procedural training”. Sensors, 17(10), 1-21, 2017.
76. [77] Correa AGD, De Assis GA, do Nascimento M, de Deus Lopes R. “Perceptions of clinical utility of an Augmented Reality musical software among health care professionals”. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, 12 (3), 205-216, 2017.
77. [78] Sielhorst T, Obst T, Burgkart R, Riener R, Navab N. “An augmented reality delivery simulator for medical training”. International Workshop on Augmented Environments for Medical Imaging-MICCAI Satellite Workshop, 7(6), 11-20, 2004.
78. [79] Han S. “An integrative review on augmented reality/virtual reality simulation programs in the mental health area for health professionals”. International Journal of Contents, 15(4), 36-43, 2019.
79. [80] Silva RDDC, Albuquerque SGC, Muniz ADV, Filho PPR, Ribeiro S, Pinheiro PR, Albuquerque VHC. “Reducing the schizophrenia stigma: a new approach based on augmented reality”. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, 6, 1-10, 2017.
80. [81] Konishi K, Hashizume M, Nakamoto M, Kakeji Y, Yoshino I, Taketomi A. “Augmented reality navigation system for endoscopic surgery based on three-dimensional ultrasound and computed tomography: Application to 20 clinical cases”. International Congress Series, 1281(5), 537-542, 2005.
81. [82] Choi H, Cho B, Masamune K, Hashizume M, Hong J. “An effective visualization technique for depth perception in augmented reality‐based surgical navigation”. The International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery, 12(1), 62-72, 2016.
82. [83] Brown LD, Hua H. “Magic lenses for augmented virtual environments”. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 26 (4), 64-73, 2006.
83. [84] Eker F, Açıkgöz F, Karaca A. “Hemşirelik öğrencileri gözüyle mesleki beceri eğitimi”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 7(4), 291-294, 2014.
84. [85] Sarmasoğlu Ş, Dinç L, Elçin M. “Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin klinik beceri eğitimlerinde kullanılan standart hasta ve maketlere ilişkin görüşleri”. Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi, 13(2), 107-115, 2016.
85. [86] Durmaz A, Dicle A, Cakan E, Cakir Ş. “Effect of screenbased computer simulation on knowledge and skill in nursing students’ learning of preoperative and postoperative care management: a randomized controlled study.” Computers Informatics Nursing, 30 (4), 196-203, 2012.
86. [87] Şendir M, Coşkun EY. “Hemşirelik eğitiminde teknolojik bir adım: IM ventro-sim”. Journal of Academic Research in Nursing. 2(2), 103-108, 2016.
87. [88] Edeer AD, Sarıkaya D. “Hemşirelik eğitiminde simülasyon kullanımı ve simülasyon tipleri”. Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi, 12(2), 121-125, 2015.
88. [89] Garrett BM, Anthony J, Jackson C. "Using mobile augmented reality to enhance health professional practice education". Current Issues in Emerging eLearning, 4 (1), 224-247, 2018.
89. [90] Mirzaoğlu D. Eğitimde Yapılandırmacı Yaklaşım. Editor: M. Bilen. Eğitimde İlke ve Yöntemler, 137-156, Ankara, Türkiye, Sistem Ofset, 2010.
90. [91] Yurdakul B. Yapılandırmacılık. Editor: Ö. Demirel. Eğitimde Yeni Yönelimler, 41-63, Ankara, Türkiye, Pegem Yayıncılık, 2005.
91. [92] Aldaz G, Shluzas LA, Pickham D, Eris O, Sadler J, Joshi S, Leifer L. “Hands-Free image capture, data tagging and transfer using Google glass: a pilot study for improved wound care management”. PLOS One, 10(4),1-24, 2015.
92. [93] Wüller H, Behrens J, Klinker K, Wiesche M, Krcmar H, Remmers H. “Smart glasses in nursing-situation change and further usages exemplified on a wound care application”. Study in Health Technology and Informatics, 253, 191-195, 2018.
93. [94] Gonzalez FC, Villegas OO, Ramirez DE, Sanchez VG, Dominguez HO. “Smart multi-level tool for remote patient monitoring based on a wireless sensor network and mobile augmented reality”. Sensors, 14(9), 17212- 17234, 2014.
94. [95] Fumagalli S, Torricelli G, Massi M, Calvani S, Boni S, Roberts AT, Accarigi E, Manetti S, Marchionni N. “Effects of a new device to guide venous puncture in elderly critically ill patients: results of a pilot randomized study”. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 29(2), 335-339, 2017.
95. [96] Yoshida S, Sasaki A, Sato C, Yamazaki M, Takayasu J, Tanaka N, Okabayashi N, Hirano H, Saito K, Fujii Y. “A novel approach to surgical instructions for scrub nurses by using see-through-type head-mounted display”. Computers Informatics Nursing, 33(8), 335-338, 2015.
96. [97] Nilsson S, Johansson B. “Fun and usable: augmented reality instructions in a hospital setting”. Proceedings of the 19th Australasian conference on Computer-Human Interactio Conference, Adelaide, Australia, 28-30 November 2007.
97. [98] Aebersold M, Voepel-Lewis T, Cherara L, Weber M, Khouri C, Levine R, Tait AR. “Interactive anatomyaugmented virtual simulation training”. Clinical Simulation in Nursing, 15, 34-41, 2018.
98. [99] Tilghman J, Doswell J, Collington D, Utili S, WattiesDaniels S. “Innovative utilization of augmented reality and simulation to promote nursing practice”. Annals of Nursing Primary Care, 1(1), 1-3, 2018.
99. [100] Vaughn J, Lister M, Shaw RJ. “Piloting augmented reality technology to enhance realism in clinical simulation”. Computers Informatics Nursing, 34(9), 402-405, 2016.
100. [101] Pugoyl RA, Ramos RC. “Augmented reality in nursing education: addressing the limitations of developing a learning material for nurses in the Philippines and Thailand”. International Journal on Open and Distance e-Learning, 2(1), 11-23, 2016.
101. [102] Rahn A, Kjaergaard HW. “Augmented reality as a visualizing facilitator in nursing education”. 8th International Technology, Education and Development Conference, Valencia, Spain, 10-12 March 2014.
102. [103] Ball S, Hussey LC. “The effects of augmented reality on prelicensure nursing students’ anxiety levels”. Journal of Nursing Education, 59(3), 142-148, 2020.
103. [104] Şendir M, Kızıl H. “Nazogastrik tüp uygulama öğretiminde yenilikçi bir yaklaşım: NAZO-AR”. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(2), 86-90, 2019.
104. [105] Taçgın Z, Taçgın E. “A smart multimodal augmented reality application skill training for preoperative procedures”. Bilişim Teknolojileri Dergisi, 13(1), 57-62, 2020.
105. [38] Sünger İ. Artırılmış Gerçeklik Kavramı Üzerine İçerik Analizi Çalışması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Balıkesir Üniversitesi, Balıkesir, Türkiye, 2019. Yayınlanmamış.