Enerji iletim sisteminde bara bölme problemi için çok amaçlı optimizasyon yöntemi

Öz

Artan enerji ihtiyacını karşılayabilmek için genişlemeye devam eden elektrik enerjisi iletim sistemi çeşitli güvenlik problemlerine sebep olmaktadır. Şebekeye entegre edilen yeni yatırımların bir sonucu olarak sistem eşdeğer empedansının azalması kısa devre akımlarının yükselmesine neden olmaktadır. Meydana gelebilecek kısa devre akımlarının mevcut kesicilerin kesme kapasitesini aşması önlem alınması gereken önemli bir problemdir. Kısa devre akımlarını sınırlandırmak amacıyla kullanılan yöntemlerden biri bara bölme tekniğini kullanmaktır. Bara bölme yöntemi iki bara bulunan transformatör merkezlerinde fiderleri uygun baralara dağıtarak baralar arasındaki bağlantının kesilmesi suretiyle uygulanmaktadır. Bara bölme yoluyla şebeke konfigürasyonunda yapılan değişiklikler neticesinde her ne kadar kısa devre akımları sınırlandırılabilse de N-1 güvenliğinde bozulmalar ve güç kayıplarında artışlar söz konusu olabilmektedir. Kısa devre akımlarını sınırlandırmak amacıyla sistem eşdeğer empedansını yükseltmenin bir sonucu olarak güç kayıpları da artmaktadır. Kısa devre akımları ile güç kayıpları arasında bulunan bu çıkar çatışması nedeniyle iki amaç arasında bir denge noktasının bulunması gerekmektedir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmamız kapsamında bara bölme optimizasyonu probleminin amaçları kısa devre akımları ve aktif güç kayıpları olarak seçilmiş ve N-1 güvenliği probleme kısıt olarak eklenmiştir. Problemin çözümünde Pareto-optimal kavramını Genetik Algoritmayla birleştiren kısıtlı NSGA-II algoritması çok amaçlı bara bölme optimizasyonu problemini çözmek için kullanılmıştır. Oluşturulan matematiksel model ve kullanılan algoritma IEEE RTS 96- baralı test sisteminde uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar önerilen yaklaşımın kısa devre akımlarını gerektiği kadar sınırlandırma, güç kayıplarının aşırı yükselmesini önleme ve N-1 güvenliğini sürdürme açısından şebekenin güvenli çalışma topolojilerini elde etmede başarılı sonuçlar verdiğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çok amaçlı optimizasyon
• Bara bölme optimizasyonu
• Sezgi-Üstü algoritma
• NSGA-II
• Kısıtlı optimizasyon
• Kısa devre akımları
• Güç kayıpları
• N-1 güvenliği

Multi-Objective optimization method for bus splitting problem in energy transmission system

Abstract

The electrical energy transmission system lasted to expand in order to compensate for growing energy demand, leads to a variety of security problems. The decreasing system equivalent impedance in the result of the new investments integrated into the network causes to raise the short-circuit currents. It is a crucial problem, which taking remedial action is a necessity, for the short-circuit currents to be occurred exceed the circuit-breaker capacity. One method used to contain short-circuit currents is to perform the bus splitting technique. The bus splitting method is implemented through distributing feeders to appropriate buses and disconnect the zero-impedance line between buses in substations. Even if the short-circuit currents are restricted thanks to alterations in the network configuration by using bus splitting, the violation of the N-1 security and the growth of the power losses might occur. Increasing the system equivalent impedance in order to limit the short-circuit currents results in greater power losses. A balance between power losses and short-circuit currents should be found out due to the conflict of interest between these objectives. The objective function is created with short-circuit currents and active power losses and N-1 security is implemented as a constraint in this study. The constrained NSGA-II algorithm integrating Pareto-optimality concept into Genetic Algorithm is performed to solve the multi-objective bus splitting optimization problem. Mathematical model and algorithm created are implemented to the RTS 96-bus test system. The results show that the proposed method is successive in obtaining the secure topological frameworks of the network in terms of restricting the short-circuit currents, preventing the over increase of the power losses and maintaining the N-1 security.

Keywords

• Multi-objective optimization
• Bus splitting optimization
• Meta-Heuristics
• NSGA-II
• Constrained optimization
• Short-Circuit currents
• Power losses
• N-1 security

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