The impact of traffic infrastructure, environment, and user behavior on urban bicycle use: a literature review

Abstract

Promoting bicycle use fosters health, orderliness, and improved transportation conditions. As a key component of active mobility, the global rise in bicycle usage reflects its growing importance. In developed cities, the use of conventional and e-bikes has increased, with cycling rates surpassing 7%. Despite the limited use in different cities, efforts to enhance bicycle usage are ongoing, although hindered by traffic safety issues and infrastructure deficiencies. This article conducts a detailed literature review to identify the necessary steps for increasing the share of bicycles in urban transportation. The review explores the impact of traffic infrastructure, environmental factors, and user behavior on urban bicycle use. Since the 1970s, these topics have been examined through various methods worldwide. This study reviews 95 articles published between 2010 and 2023, presenting a multifaceted analysis encompassing bicycle infrastructure, user behavior, and environmental factors affecting cycling. Key findings highlight the importance of well-planned bicycle infrastructure in enhancing safety and reducing traffic stress. Segregated bicycle lanes, effective intersection designs, and comprehensive cycling networks are crucial for promoting urban bicycle use. Environmental factors such as noise and air pollution, weather conditions, and urban design significantly influence cycling behavior. The review reveals that cities with robust cycling infrastructures and supportive policies, such as Copenhagen and Amsterdam, exhibit higher bicycle usage rates and improved urban mobility. Conversely, cities with inadequate infrastructure face challenges integrating bicycles as a viable transportation mode. The study suggests that adopting best practices from leading cycling cities and addressing local challenges can significantly enhance urban cycling. By providing a comprehensive overview of global research on urban bicycle use, this study aims to guide urban planners, policymakers, and researchers in developing effective strategies for promoting cycling as a sustainable and healthy transportation alternative. The insights gained can contribute to creating safer, more efficient, and environmentally friendly urban transport systems. This approach is vital for increasing bicycle usage and ensuring safe cycling practices, ultimately contributing to sustainable urban development.

Keywords

• Cycleability
• Cycling safety
• Traffic stress level
• Cycling infrastructure.

Trafik altyapısı,çevre ve kullanıcı davranışının kentsel bisiklet kullanımına etkisine ilişkin literatür araştırması

Öz

Bisiklet kullanımını teşvik etmek, sağlık, düzen ve daha iyi ulaşım koşullarını destekler. Aktif hareketliliğin önemli bir bileşeni olarak, bisiklet kullanımındaki küresel artış, bisikletin artan önemini yansıtmaktadır. Gelişmiş şehirlerde, konvansiyonel ve e-bisiklet kullanımı artmış ve bisiklete binme oranları %7'nin üzerine çıkmıştır. Farklı şehirlerdeki sınırlı kullanıma rağmen, bisiklet kullanımını artırmaya yönelik çabalar devam etmektedir, ancak trafik güvenliği sorunları ve altyapı eksiklikleri bu süreci engellemektedir. Bu makale, kentsel ulaşımda bisikletin payını artırmak için gerekli adımları belirlemek amacıyla detaylı bir literatür incelemesi yapmaktadır. İnceleme, kentsel bisiklet kullanımına trafik altyapısı, çevresel faktörler ve kullanıcı davranışının etkisini araştırmaktadır. 1970'lerden bu yana, bu konular dünya genelinde çeşitli yöntemlerle incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma, 2010-2023 yılları arasında yayınlanan 95 makaleyi inceleyerek, bisiklet altyapısı, kullanıcı davranışı ve bisiklet kullanımını etkileyen çevresel faktörleri kapsayan çok yönlü bir analiz sunmaktadır. Ana bulgular, iyi planlanmış bisiklet altyapısının güvenliği artırmada ve trafik stresini azaltmada önemini vurgulamaktadır. Ayrılmış bisiklet yolları, etkili kavşak tasarımları ve kapsamlı bisiklet ağları, kentsel bisiklet kullanımını teşvik etmek için kritik öneme sahiptir. Gürültü ve hava kirliliği, hava koşulları ve kentsel tasarım gibi çevresel faktörler, bisiklet davranışını önemli ölçüde etkiler. İnceleme, Kopenhag ve Amsterdam gibi güçlü bisiklet altyapısına ve destekleyici politikalara sahip şehirlerin, daha yüksek bisiklet kullanım oranları ve gelişmiş kentsel hareketlilik sergilediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Buna karşılık, yetersiz altyapıya sahip şehirler, bisikletleri uygulanabilir bir ulaşım modu olarak entegre etmede zorluklarla karşılaşmaktadır. Çalışma, önde gelen bisiklet şehirlerinden en iyi uygulamaların benimsenmesinin ve yerel zorlukların ele alınmasının, kentsel bisiklet kullanımını önemli ölçüde artırabileceğini önermektedir. Elde edilen bilgiler, daha güvenli, verimli ve çevre dostu kentsel ulaşım sistemleri yaratılmasına katkıda bulunabilir. Bu yaklaşım, bisiklet kullanımını artırmak ve güvenli bisiklet uygulamalarını sağlamak için hayati öneme sahiptir ve nihayetinde sürdürülebilir kentsel gelişime katkıda bulunur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bisiklete binilebilirlilik
• Bisiklet güvenliği
• Trafik stres seviyesi
• Bisiklet altyapısı

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