A hybrid approach to urban traffic flow optimization: Integration of Karnaugh Maps and reinforcement learning

Year 2026, Issue: Advanced Online Publication

Bayram Arda Kuş

https://doi.org/10.65206/pajes.38028

Abstract

This study presents a hybrid approach combining Karnaugh Maps (K-maps) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) to optimize traffic signal control in urban environments. K-maps are traditionally used for simplifying Boolean expressions in digital logic, and here they are leveraged to enhance decision-making efficiency in RL-based traffic systems. The proposed method aims to improve traffic flow, reduce congestion, and lower fuel consumption. Microsimulation experiments were conducted using software calibrated with historical traffic data from a mid-sized city. Sensor inputs-such as vehicle count, traffic density, and signal phase durations-were validated against real-world data provided by local traffic authorities. Results demonstrate that the hybrid K-map and RL system outperforms conventional methods in adaptability and performance. However, limitations remain due to the exclusion of unpredictable driver behavior and weather conditions, which may affect real-world applicability.

Keywords

Traffic signal optimization , Karnaugh maps , Artificial Intelligence , Machine Learning , Reinforcement Learning , Traffic flow optimization , Urban transportation

Kentsel trafik akışı optimizasyonunda hibrit bir yaklaşım: Karnaugh Haritaları ve pekiştirmeli öğrenme entegrasyonu

Abstract

Bu çalışma, kentsel trafik sinyal kontrolünü optimize etmek amacıyla Karnaugh Haritaları (K-haritaları) ile Pekiştirmeli Öğrenme (Reinforcement Learning - RL) yöntemini birleştiren hibrit bir yaklaşım sunmaktadır. Sayısal mantıkta Boolean ifadelerini sadeleştirmek için kullanılan K-haritaları, burada RL tabanlı trafik sistemlerinde karar verme verimliliğini artırmak amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. Önerilen yöntem, trafik akışını iyileştirmeyi, tıkanıklığı azaltmayı ve yakıt tüketimini düşürmeyi hedeflemektedir. Yapılan mikro-simülasyon deneyleri, orta büyüklükte bir kente ait tarihsel trafik verileriyle kalibre edilmiş bir yazılım üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araç sayısı, trafik yoğunluğu ve sinyal süreleri gibi sensör verileri, yerel trafik otoritelerinden elde edilen saha verileriyle doğrulanmıştır. Sonuçlar, hibrit K-haritası ve RL sisteminin geleneksel yöntemlere kıyasla daha uyarlanabilir ve performanslı olduğunu göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte, simülasyonda sürücü davranışlarındaki öngörülemezlikler ve hava koşullarına bağlı değişkenler dikkate alınmamıştır; bu durum, gerçek saha uygulamaları açısından bir sınırlılık oluşturmaktadır.

Keywords

Trafik sinyali optimizasyonu , Karnaugh haritaları , Yapay Zekâ , Makine Öğrenmesi , Pekiştirmeli Öğrenme , Trafik akışı optimizasyonu , Kentsel ulaşım

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