Bozulabilir Ürünler ve Tedarikçi Belirsizliği Altında Sürdürülebilir Kapalı Döngü Tedarik Zincirlerinde Tedarikçi Seçimi ve Sipariş Tahsisi

Öz

Yoğun rekabet ve hızlı küresel değişimle karakterize edilen çağdaş iş ortamında, etkili ve sürdürülebilir tedarik zinciri yönetimi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Kuruluşlar, sürdürülebilirliği teşvik etmek için geri dönüşüm ve yeniden kullanım süreçlerini entegre ederken, malzeme ve nakit akışlarını verimli bir şekilde yönetmek için sağlam kapalı döngü tedarik zincirlerine (CLSC) güvenmektedir. Bu çalışma, sürdürülebilir bir tedarik zinciri ağının tasarımını kolaylaştırmak için CLSC'de sipariş tahsisi için yeni bir optimizasyon modeli önermektedir. Önerilen senaryo tabanlı karma tamsayı doğrusal programlama modeli, COVID 19 pandemisiyle daha da kötüleşen aksaklıklar temelinde tedarikçi kapasitesindeki belirsizliği ele almaktadır. Bir yandan, sunulan ağ tasarımı, bozulabilir ürünler için sürdürülebilir kapalı döngü tedarik zincirlerine odaklanarak, ürünlerin depoda geçirdikleri süreyi izleyen ve ardından geri dönüşüm merkezine sevkiyatını yöneten bir model önermektedir. Metin ayrıca, tedarik zincirinde aksaklıklar yaşandığı durumlarda esnekliği ve tepki hızını artırmak için birçok tedarikçinin değerlendirilmesinin stratejik avantajını da vurgulamaktadır. Model, mevcut tedarikçilerin değerlendirmeleri yoluyla Yalın, Çeviklik, Dayanıklılık ve Çevre Dostu (LARG) ilkelerine dayalı kriterleri ve pandemi ile ilgili zorlukları entegre eden bir tedarikçi puan parametresi içermektedir. Kapsamlı bir literatür taraması, tedarikçi seçim süreçlerini etkileyen faktörleri incelemektedir. Uzmanlar, temel çerçeveyi oluşturan seçim kriterleri ile birlikte bir dizi yargı uygulayarak tedarikçi seçiminde sunulan kriterlerin önemini değerlendirir. Her yargı, Tam Tutarlılık Yöntemi (FUCOM) kullanılarak objektif olarak değerlendirilir. Ayrıca, uzmanlar deneyimlerine göre değerlendirilir ve Sezgisel Bulanık Kümeler (IFS) yöntemi, karar üzerinde görüşlerinin etkisini belirler. Bu kapsamlı yaklaşım, pandemi sonrası dünyada uzun vadeli sürdürülebilirliği ve yanıt verebilirliği desteklerken ağ performansını optimize etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Önerilen model, sağlık sektörüne özel olarak tasarlanmış ve Türkiye'deki bir hastanenin ağ tasarımına uygulanmıştır. Tedarikçileri değerlendirmek ve puanlamak için Karmaşık Orantılı Değerlendirme Yöntemi (COPRAS) kullanılmış ve bu puanlar önerilen matematiksel modele entegre edilmiştir. Tedarikçi puanları, ürün raf ömrü ve kapasite gibi temel faktörler üzerinde duyarlılık analizi yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar, kapalı döngü tedarik zinciri tasarımını optimize etmede tedarikçi seçiminin hayati rolünü vurgulamaktadır. Çalışma, bozulabilir malları yönetmek için optimum envanter takibinin önemini vurgulamakta ve sürdürülebilir ve verimli sağlık hizmetleri operasyonları elde etmede bunun kritik rolünü altını çizmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• tedarikçi seçimi
• sipariş tahsisi
• bozulabilirlik

Supplier Selection and Order Allocation in Sustainable Closed Loop Supply Chains with Product Perishability and Supplier Uncertainty

Abstract

In the contemporary business environment, characterized by intense competition and rapid global change, effective and sustainable supply chain management is of paramount importance. Organizations rely on robust closed loop supply chains (CLSCs) to efficiently manage material and cash flows while integrating recycling and reuse processes to promote sustainability. The present study proposes a novel optimization model for order allocation in a CLSC to facilitate the design of a sustainable supply chain network. The proposed scenario based mixed integer linear programming model addresses supplier capacity uncertainty based on the disruptions exacerbated by the COVID 19 pandemic. On the one hand, the network design presented focuses on sustainable closed-loop supply chains for perishable products, proposing a model that monitors the time products spend in the warehouse and then manages their dispatch to the recycling center. The text also highlights the strategic advantage of evaluation of many suppliers to increase flexibility and responsiveness in times of supply chain disruption. The model incorporates a supplier score parameter that integrates criteria based on Lean, Agility, Resilience, and Green (LARG) principles and pandemic related challenges through evaluations of existing suppliers. A comprehensive literature review investigates the factors influencing supplier selection processes. The experts assess the importance of the criteria presented in the supplier selection by applying a series of judgments together with the selection criteria that form the basic framework. Each judgment is objectively evaluated using the Full Consistency Method (FUCOM). Furthermore, the experts are evaluated according to their experience and the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (IFS) method determines the influence of their opinion on the decision. This comprehensive approach aims to optimize network performance while supporting long term sustainability and responsiveness in a post pandemic world. The proposed model is tailored to the healthcare sector and applied to the network design of a hospital in Türkiye. The Complex Proportional Assessment Method (COPRAS) was employed to evaluate and score suppliers, with these scores integrated into the proposed mathematical model. Sensitivity analysis is conducted on key factors, including supplier scores, product shelf life, and capacity. The results highlight the pivotal role of supplier selection in optimizing closed loop supply chain design. The study emphasizes optimal inventory tracking to manage perishable goods, underscoring its critical role in achieving sustainable and efficient healthcare operations.

Keywords

• supplier selection
• order allocation
• perishability

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