Production and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Çanakkale-Çan Lignite by KOH and ZnCl2 Activation

Abstract

Activated carbon was produced from Çanakkale-Çan lignite using potassium hydroxide (KOH) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as activating agent. The influence of carbonization temperatures (500-900 0C) and different chemical reagents (KOH and ZnCl2) on the pore development and the yield of the prepared activated carbon were investigated. The resultant activated carbons were characterized in terms of the yield, BET surface area, pore volumes, micropore and mesopore fraction. Results showed that increasing the carbonization temperature, the yield decreased, while surface area and micro-porosity increased. Maximum surface area was about 1092 m2/g at 900 0C with KOH activation and carbonization duration of 1 h. The surface area of char obtained from carbonization of lignite sample without impregnation by chemical reagent was 157 m2/g at 900 0C. From these data, it has been showed that in order to produce activated carbons with high surface area and porosity, thermal activation (without impregnation) itself is not sufficient. The prepared activated carbon was compared with commercial activated carbon. Surface area and micropore fraction of activated carbons obtained from both KOH and ZnCl2 activation much larger than those of the commercial activated carbon.

Keywords

• Activated carbon, Lignite, Chemical activation.

KOH ve ZnCl2 Aktivasyonu ile Çanakkale-Çan Linyitinden Aktif Karbon Üretimi ve Karakterizasyonu

Öz

Aktivasyon reaktifi olarak potasyum hidroksit (KOH) ve çinko klorür (ZnCl2) kullanılarak Çanakkale-Çan linyitinden aktif karbon üretilmiştir. Hazırlanan aktif karbonların verim ve gözenek gelişimi üzerine karbonizasyon sıcaklığının ve reaktif türünün etkisi incelenmiştir. Elde edilen aktif karbonlar verim, BET yüzey alanı, gözenek hacimleri ile mikro ve mezo gözenek fraksiyonu açısından karakterize edilmiştir. Sonuçlar karbonizasyon sıcaklığının artmasıyla verimin düştüğünü yüzey alanı ve gözenekliliğinin artığını göstermiştir. En yüksek yüzey alanı KOH aktivasyonunda 900 0C, 1 h karbonizasyon süresinde 1092 m2/g olarak elde edilmiştir. Linyit örneğinin kimyasal madde ile emdirilmeden 900 0C'de karbonizasyonu sonucu elde edilen çarın yüzey alanı 157 m2/g bulunmuştur. Bu verilerden, yüksek yüzey alanı ve gözenekliliğe sahip aktif karbon üretimi için tek başına ısıl işlemin yeterli olmadığı görülmüştür. Elde edilen aktif karbonlar ticari aktif karbonla karşılaştırılmıştır. KOH ve ZnCl2 aktivasyonu ile elde edilen aktif karbonların yüzey alanı ve mikro gözenek fraksiyonunun ticari aktif karbondan daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aktif karbon, Linyit, Kimyasal aktivasyon.

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