Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Magneto-Rheological Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer and Natural Rubber Type Synthetic Rubbers for Both Isotropic and Anisotropic Situations

Abstract

Magneto-rheological (MR) materials are in a smart material class that has the rheological properties to be quickly and reversibly controlled with the external magnetic field applications. Considering the technological developments the rubber-like smart materials has had a more functional usage area with magneto- rheological effect. This study investigates the axial mechanical properties of magneto-rheological Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) and Natural Rubber (NR) type synthetic rubbers for isotropic and anisotropic situations. Also, these composite materials were built by means of hot press systems as either isotropic or anisotropic using magnetic field application after addition of ferromagnetic powders. The influence of magnetic field was investigated. In this study, NR rubber was found to be more susceptible in terms of smart material properties unlike EPDM synthetic rubber.

Keywords

• -

Manyeto-Reolojik Etilen Propilen Dien Monomer ve Doğal Kauçuk Türü Sentetik Kauçukların İzotrop ve Anizotrop Durumda Mekanik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Manyeto-reolojik (MR) malzemeler dış manyetik alan uygulamalarıyla tersinir ve hızlı bir şekilde kontrol edilebilen reolojik özelliklere sahip akıllı(smart) malzeme sınıfındandır. Gelişen teknoloji koşulları göz önüne alındığında kauçuk türü akıllı malzemeler manyeto-reolojik etkilerle beraber daha fonksiyonel bir kullanıma sahip olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, manyeto-reolojik Etilen Propilen Dien Monomer (EPDM) ve Doğal Kauçuk (NR) türü sentetik kauçukların izotrop ve anizotrop durumda tek eksenli yükleme altındaki mekanik özelliklerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu tür kompozit malzemeler geleneksel sıcak kalıp sistemi yardımıyla izotrop (homojen) ve anizotrop (hizalanmış) olarak ferromanyetik toz ilave edilerek ve manyetik alan uygulanarak elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen kompozit malzemelere manyetik alanın etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmada EPDM sentetik kauçuk malzemesinin aksine NR kauçuğunun akıllı malzeme özelliğine daha yatkın olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• EPDM ve NR sentetik kauçuk, Manyeto-reolojik malzemeler, Ferromanyetik tozlar, Manyetik alan

References

1. Rabinow J. “The Magnetic Fluid Clutch”. AIEE Transactions, 67(2), 1308–1315, 1948.
2. Shiga T, Okada A, Kurauchi T. “Magnetroviscoelastic Behavior of Composite Gels”. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 58(4), 787–792, 1995.
3. Ginder JM, Nichols ME, Elie LD, Tardiff JL. “Magnetorheological Applications”. The International Society for Optical Engineering. Proceedings of the 1999 Smart Structures and Materials on Smart Materials Technologies, March 3–4, California, USA, 1999. Properties and
4. Watson JR. “Method and Apparatus for Varying the Stiffness of a Suspension Bushing”. U.S. Patent 5609353, EP0784163 Ford Motor Co, GB, 1997.
5. Jolly MR, Carlson JD, Muñoz BC, Bullions TA. “The Magnetoviscoelastic Response of Elastomer Composites Consisting of Ferrous Particles Embedded in a Polymer Matrix”. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 7(6), 613–622, 1996. Li [6] Zhou GY, Magnetorheological Deformation: I. Experiment”. Smart Materials and Structures, 12(6), 859–872, 2003. Behavior under Uniaxial
6. Zhou GY. “Shear Properties of a Magnetorheological Elastomer”. Smart Materials and Structures, 12, 139-146, 2003. [8] Lokander M, Stenberg B. “Improving in Magnetorheological Magnetorheological Rubber Materials”. Polymer Testing, Effect 22(6), 677–680, 2003. Isotropic
7. Lokander M, Stenberg B. “Performance of Isotropic Magnetorheological Rubber Materials”. Polymer Testing, 22(3), 245–251, 2002.
8. Davis LC. “Model of Magnetorheological Elastomers”. Journal Applied Physics, 85, 3348–3351, 1999.

9. Wilson MJ, Fuchs A, Gordannejad F. “Development and Characterization of Magnetorheological Polymer Gels”. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 84(14), 2733–2742, 2002.
10. Shen Y, Golnaraghi MF, Heppler GR. “Experimental Research Elastomers”. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 15(1), 27–35, 2004. of
11. Magnetorheological [13] Zhou GY. “Complex Shear Modulus of a Magnetorheological Elastomer”. Smart Materials and Structures, 13(5), 1203–1210, 2004.
12. Saramolee P, Lertsuriwat P, Hunyek A, Sirisathitkul C. “Cure and Mechanical Properties of Recycled NdFeB-NR Composites”. Bulletin of Materials Science 33(5), 597–601, 2010.
13. Vahapoğlu V. Kauçuk Türü Malzemelerin İnelastik Özelliklerinin Deneysel olarak İncelenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Trabzon, Türkiye, 2006.