Terk edilmiş kömür ocaklarında oluşan maden göllerinin hidrokimyasal özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve insansız hava aracı ile üç boyutlu modellenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışma, Çan kömür havzasındaki terk edilmiş kömür ocaklarında oluşan maden göllerinin yüksek çözünürlüklü insansız hava aracı (İHA) görüntüleri ile üç boyutlu (3B) modellenmesi, hidrokimyasal karakterizasyonunun belirlenmesi ve çevresel etkilerinin incelenmesi amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda Mayıs 2014 tarihinde DJI F550 model hexacopter ile göller ve çevresinde 30-100 m arasında değişen yüksekliklerde uçuşlar yapılarak 12 megapiksel kamera ile görüntü çekimleri yapılmıştır. Görüntü işleme aşamasında Agisoft programı kullanılarak göllerin 1-6 cm arasında değişen çözünürlüklü ortofotoları ve 3B arazi modelleri oluşturulmuştur. Göllerin İHA görüntüleriyle hesaplanan toplam alanı 298751 m²'dir. Ayrıca göllerden ve akış aşağısındaki derelerden İHA çalışmalarıyla eş zamanlı olarak su örneklemesi yapılmıştır. Maden göllerinin su kirliliği kontrolü yönetmeliğine göre düşük pH ve yüksek konsantrasyonda Al, Fe, Mn, Ni ve Zn gibi metalleri içermesi nedeniyle çok ciddi kirlilik içeren ve kullanımı mümkün olmayan sular sınıfına girdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu göllerin boşaltılmaları durumunda çevresindeki su kaynaklarını etkileme olasılığı son derece yüksektir. Bu nedenle en kısa zamanda, saha için en uygun yöntem ile maden göllerinin rehabilite edilmesi gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çan kömür havzası,Hidrokimya,İnsansız hava aracı,Maden gölü,3B arazi modeli

Determining hydrochemical characteristics of mine lakes from abandoned coal mines and 3D modelling of them using unmanned aerial vehicle

Abstract

This study was undertaken with the aim of creating three dimensional (3D) models of mine lakes formed in abandoned coal mines of the Çan coal basin using high resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images, determining hydrochemical characterization and investigating environmental effects. In May 2014 a DJI F550 model hexacopter was flown at heights varying from 30-100 m above lakes and surroundings and images were obtained with a 12 megapixel camera. During the image processing stage the Agisoft program was used and orthophoto of the lakes with resolution from 1-6 cm and 3D terrain models were created. The total area of the lakes calculated from UAV images was 298751 m². Additionally water samples were taken from lakes and downstream rivers simultaneous to UAV studies. According to water pollution control regulation in Turkey, the mine lakes were very severely polluted with low pH and high concentrations of metals such as Al, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn. The lakes were in the category of water not suitable for use under any circumstances. There is a very high possibility that if these lakes drain the water resources will be affected. As a result, it is necessary to rehabilitate the mine lakes as soon as possible using the most appropriate method for the field.

Keywords

• Çan coal basin,Hydrochemistry,Unmanned aerial vehicle,Mine lake,3D terrain model

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