Asenkron motorlar için ayarlanabilir gerilim uygulamalı V/f tabanlı hız denetiminde farklı PWM tekniklerinin performans analizi

Öz

Bu makale, Asenkron Motorlarının (IM veya ASM) Volt-Hertz (V/f) tabanlı hız kontrolünü iyileştirmek için bir yöntem ve karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma sunmaktadır. Bu amaçla, özellikle farklı yük ve hız koşullarında çalışan üç fazlı asenkron motorların V/f tabanlı hız kontrol performansı açısından sinüzoidal darbe genişlik modülasyonu (SPWM) ve uzay vektör darbe genişliği modülasyonu (SVPWM) teknikleri incelenip değerlendirilmiştir. Bu bakımdan, literatürden farklı bir çalışmadır. Her iki tekniğin yukarıda belirtilen kontrol yöntemi üzerindeki kararlı ve geçici hal etkileri çeşitli örnek durumlar üzerinde analiz edilmiştir. Daha sonra, kalkış performansını artırmak için her iki PWM yönteminde de düzeltilmiş referans komut tekniğine eşlik eden ayarlanabilir yükseltici gerilim uygulaması önerilmiştir. Her iki PWM modeli için yapılan tüm araştırmalar aynı koşullar altında gerçekleştirilmiştir. SVPWM tekniği birçok durumda daha etkin sonuçlar vermesine rağmen, kontrol yöntemi üzerindeki performans açısından SPWM tabanlı uygulamalarda önerilen yöntem dikkate değer iyileştirmeler sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın bir yeniliği olarak, düşük maliyetli mikrodenetleyici için daha az hesaplama yükü olan SPWM uygulamasında karşılaşılan düşük frekansta kötü kontrol performansı, DC hat akımına göre oransal olarak değişen düzeltilmiş referans komutlarıyla birlikte uygulanan ayarlanabilir yükseltici gerilim yöntemi ile iyileştirilebileceği gösterilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Asenkron motor,Performans analizi,Darbe genişlik modülasyonu,Değişken hızlı sürücüler,Volt-Hertz kontrol

Performance analysis of different PWM techniques on V/f-based speed control with adjustable boost voltage application for induction motors

Abstract

This paper presents a comparative study and a method to improve Volt-Hertz (V/f) based speed control of Induction Motors (IMs). For this purpose, Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) and space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) techniques are investigated and evaluated, especially from the point of their control performance on the V/f-based control for three-phase IMs working at different load and speed conditions. From this aspect, it is a different study from the literature. Steady and transient effects of both techniques on the above mentioned control methods are analyzed for several case studies. Afterwards, adjustable boost voltage application with modified reference commands technique is proposed for both PWM methods in order to improve start-up performance. All investigations for both PWM models are carried out under the same conditions. Although SVPWM technique gives more effective results in many cases, the proposed method provides noticeable improvements on SPWM-based applications from point of performance on the control method. As a novelty of this study, it is shown that, the bad performance of the control method at low frequency in SPWM application, which has lower computational burden for low cost microcontroller, can be improved by applying adjustable boost voltage along with modified references that are proportional to the DC bus current.

Keywords

• Induction motor,Performance analysis,Pulse width modulation,Variable speed drives,Volt-Hertz control

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