Asit kırmızı 14 boyasının elementel kükürt ve metanol bazli reaktörlerde biyolojik indirgenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada ilk kez elementel kükürt bazlı anaerobik reaktörde Asit Kırmızı 14'ün biyolojik olarak indirgenmesi çalışılmıştır. İki yukarı akışlı paket yataklı reaktör birbirine paralel olarak 95 gün boyunca işletilmiştir. Bu reaktörlerde elektron kaynağı olarak kükürt ve metanol kullanılmış ve kükürt bazlı indirgeme işleminin performansı yaygın bir elektron kaynağı olan metanol ile karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Reaktörler 7 farklı periyotta çalışılmış olup, giriş boya konsantrasyonu 5-10 mg/L’de ve HRT 12-24 sa. olarak ayarlanmıştır. Asit Kırmızı 14 konsantrasyonu girişte 10±0.14 mg/L iken, metanol bazlı reaktörde 1.3±0.2 mg/L'ye, kükürt esaslı reaktörde ise 2.05±0.2 mg/L’ye düşmüştür. Kükürt bu çalışma ile boya indirgeme sürecinde ilk kez kullanılmış ve bu süreçte kükürt oksidasyonunun sülfat ve alkalinite üretimine etkisi ayrıca araştırılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Asit kırmızı 14,Elementel kükürt,Metanol,Biyolojik bozunum,Renk giderme

Biological reduction of acid red 14 by elemental sulfur and methanol-based reactors

Abstract

In this study for the first time, biological reduction of the Acid Red 14 in elemental sulfur-based anaerobic reactor was studied. Two up-flow packed bed reactors were investigated in parallel for 95 days. Sulfur and methanol were used as electron donors in these reactors and the performance of the sulfur-based reduction process was investigated in comparison with a conventional electron source - methanol. The reactors were operated in 7 different periods, the influent dye concentration was kept at 5-10 mg/L and HRT was set to 12-24 hours. While influent Acid Red 14 concentration was 10±0.14 mg/L, it was reduced to 1.3±0.2 in the methanol-based reactor and 2.05±0.2 in the sulfur-based reactor. Elemental sulfur was used for the first time in and the effect of sulfur oxidation in dye reduction process on sulfate and alkalinity production was also investigated.

Keywords

• Acid red 14,Elemental sulfur,Methanol,Biodegradation,Decolorization

References

1. Chang WS, Hong SW, Park J. “Effect of zeolite media for the treatment of textile wastewater in a biological aerated filter”. Process Biochemistry, 37(7), 693-8, 2002.
2. Marcucci M, Nosenzo G, Capannelli G, Ciabatti I, Corrieri D, Ciardelli G. “Treatment and reuse of textile effluents based on new ultrafiltration and other membrane technologies”. Desalination, 138(1-3), 75-82, 2001.
3. Ucar D, Armağan B. “The removal of reactive black 5 from aqueous solutions by cotton seed shell”. Water Environ Res, 84(4), 323-7, 2012.
4. Uçar D. “Adsorption of remazol black rl and reactive yellow 145 from aqueous solutions by pine needles”. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology Transactions of Civil Engineering, 38(C1), 147-55, 2014.
5. Shabbir S, Faheem M, Ali N, Kerr PG, Wu Y. “Periphyton biofilms: A novel and natural biological system for the effective removal of sulphonated azo dye methyl orange by synergistic mechanism”. Chemosphere, 167, 236-246, 2017.
6. Yurtsever A, Sahinkaya E, Aktaş Ö, Uçar D, Çınar Ö, Wang Z. “Performances of anaerobic and aerobic membrane bioreactors for the treatment of synthetic textile wastewater”. Bioresource Technology, 192, 564-573, 2015.
7. Popli S, Patel UD. “Destruction of azo dyes by anaerobic-aerobic sequential biological treatment: a review”. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 12(1), 405-420, 2015.
8. Van der Zee FP, Cervantes FJ. “Impact and application of electron shuttles on the redox (bio)transformation of contaminants: A review”. Biotechnology Advances, 27(3), 256-277, 2009.

9. Sahinkaya E, Yurtsever A, Ucar D. “A novel elemental sulfur-based mixotrophic denitrifying membrane bioreactor for simultaneous Cr(VI) and nitrate reduction”. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 324, 15-21, 2016.
10. Uçar D, Cokgor EU, Şahinkaya E. “Simultaneous nitrate and perchlorate reduction using sulfur-based autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrifying processes”. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 91(5), 1471-1477, 2015.
11. Uçar D, Cokgor EU, Şahinkaya E. “Evaluation of nitrate and perchlorate reduction using sulfur-based autotrophic and mixotrophic denitrifying processes”. Water Science and Technology: Water Supply, 16(1),208-218, 2015.
12. Lovley DR. “Dissimilatory metal reduction”. Annual Review of Microbiology, 47(1), 263-290, 1993.
13. Demirel S, Uyanık İ, Yurtsever A, Çelikten H, Uçar D. “Simultaneous bromate and nitrate reduction in water using sulfur-utilizing autotrophic and mixotrophic denitrification processes in a fixed bed column reactor”. CLEAN-Soil, Air, Water, 42(9), 1185-1189, 2014.
14. Ucar D, Cokgor EU, Sahinkaya E, Cetin U, Bereketoglu C, Calimlioglu B, Goncu B, Yurtsever Y. “Simultaneous nitrate and perchlorate removal from groundwater by heterotrophic-autotrophic sequential system”. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 116, 83-90, 2017.
15. Ucar D, Cokgor EU, Sahinkaya E. “Heterotrophic-autotrophic sequential system for reductive nitrate and perchlorate removal”. Environmental Technology, 37(2), 183-191, 2016.
16. APHA. “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater”. Washington DC, USA, 2005.
17. Cord-ruwisch R. “A quick method for the determination of dissolved and precipitated sulfides in cultures of sulfate-reducing bacteria”. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 4(1), 33-36, 1985.
18. Li Y, Yang HY, Shen JY, Mu Y, Yu HQ. “Enhancement of azo dye decolourization in a MFC-MEC coupled system”. Bioresource Technology, 202, 93-100, 2016.
19. Morrissey EM, Gillespie JL, Morina JC, Franklin RB. “Salinity affects microbial activity and soil organic matter content in tidal wetlands”. Global Change Biology, 20(4), 1351-1362, 2014.
20. Brock TD, Gustafson J. “Ferric iron reduction by sulfur- and iron-oxidizing bacteria”. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 32(4), 567-571, 1976.
21. Sahinkaya E, Dursun N. “Use of elemental sulfur and thiosulfate as electron sources for water denitrification”. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 38(3), 531-541, 2014.
22. Böttcher ME, Thamdrup B, Vennemann TW. “Oxygen and sulfur isotope fractionation during anaerobic bacterial disproportionation of elemental sulfur”. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 65(10), 1601-1609, 2001.