Sürdürülebilir ve çevre dostu biyoyakıt hammaddesi: Mikroalgler

Öz

Son yıllarda petrol rezervlerinin hızlı tüketilmesi ve buna bağlı olarak meydana gelen sera gazlarının çevre üzerinde olumsuz etkileri neticesinde, endüstriyel ekonomi ve toplum tüketimi için sürdürülebilir ve çevre dostu alternatif enerji kaynağı olan mikroalgler ön plana çıkmıştır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, biyoyakıt üretim proseslerinin seçimini etkileyen mikroalglerin kimyasal kompozisyonu, mikroalg kültürü yetiştirilmesini etkileyen faktörler, kültür yetiştirmede kullanılan sistemler, biyoyakıt üretim prosesleri ve ekonomik analizleri incelenmiştir. Mikroalglerin içeriği, dönüştürme proseslerini etkilemekte ve elde edilen biyoyakıtlar farklılık göstermektedir. Bu inceleme neticesinde, mikroalgler kullanılarak biyodizel, biyoetanol, metan ve mikroalg kalıntılarının yakılması veya gazlaştırılması ile ısı ve elektrik üretiminin söz konusu olabileceği tespit edilmiştir. Mevcut teknolojiler ile biyoyakıt üretimi için alg yetiştirilmesinin tam ölçekli uygulamaları oldukça pahalıdır. Alg üretim maliyetlerini azaltmak için bölgesel enerji santralleri veya endüstriyel baca gazı ve atıksu arıtma tesisleri etkili ve entegre bir şekilde kullanılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mikroalg,Biyoyakıt,Baca gazı,Atıksu arıtımı

Sustainable and eco-friendly raw materials for biofuels: Microalgae

Abstract

Microalgae, a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative energy source for the industrial economy and community consumption, has come to the forefront in recent years due to the rapid depletion of oil reserves and consequent negative effects of greenhouse gases on the environment. In this study, the chemical composition of microalgae affecting the selection of biofuel production processes, factors affecting microalgae cultivation, cultivated systems, biofuel production processes and its economic analysis are examined. The content of microalgae affects the conversion processes, and the obtained biofuels from microalgae show differences. As a result of this investigation, it has been concluded that the heat and electricity production may be obtained from burning or gasification of microalgae residues. Biodiesel, bioethanol and methane can also be produced using microalgae. The full-scale applications of algae cultivation for biofuel production with existing technologies are quite expensive. To reduce algal production costs, the regional power plants or the industrial flue gas and the wastewater treatment plants should be used in an effectively and integrally.

Keywords

• Microalgae,Biofuel,Flue gas,Wastewater treatment

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