Karbondioksit yakalama uygulamaları için silika aerojeller üzerine derleme

Öz

Son yıllarda, başta CO2 olmak üzere sera gazları olarak bilinen CH4, N2O, O3, CFC türü gazlar; yanma, endüstriyel emisyon veya anaeorobik bozunma gibi faaliyetlerle atmosfere salınmakta, yüksek ısı tutma kapasiteleri nedeniyle de yeryüzü sıcaklığının artmasına ve küresel iklim değişikliklerine neden olmaktadırlar. Dünya ülkelerinin CO2 salınımının azaltılması konularını öncelikli hedefleri olarak belirlemesiyle birlikte, bu konudaki gerek politik gerekse bilimsel çalışmalar büyük bir hız kazanmıştır Küresel karbon salınımlarının azaltılması için geliştirilen yöntemler; karbon yakalama ve depolama (carbon capture and storage) CCS teknolojileri olarak anılmaktadır. Bu yöntemler; yakma öncesi, yakma sonrası ve yakıtı oksitlendirme olmak üzere üç ana başlık altında toplanabilir. Adsorpsiyon, fiziksel ve/veya kimyasal absorpsiyon, membran ve kriyojenik (cryogenic) ayırma yöntemleri en yaygın kullanılan yanma sonrası CCS yaklaşımlarının başında gelmektedir. Gözenekli malzemeler de yanma sonrası akımlardan CO2’in fiziksel adsorpsiyon ile tutulmasında kullanılmaktadır. Ancak bu sistemlerin gerek seçimlilik gerekse döngüsel kullanım açısından zafiyetleri olduğu da bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle gözenekli malzemelerin CO2 ilgisi yüksek aminli gruplar ile modifiye edilmesi son yıllarda üzerinde çalışılan bir konu olmuştur. Hazırlanan bu derleme ile silika aerojellerin karbon tutma uygulamalarına yönelik güncel bilimsel çalışmalar taranmıştır. Derleme, silika arojellerin hazırlanması ve modifiye edilmesi, CO2 tutma başarımlarına yönelik yapılmış literatür çalışmaları ve gelecek uygulamaları olmak üzere başlıca üç kısımdan oluşmuştur. Sonuç olarak amin modifiye silika aerojellerin sahip oldukları üstün özelliklerle yanma sonrası süreçleri için ümit vaat eden malzemeler olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Silika Aerojel,CO2 yakalama,Adsorpsiyon,süperkritik kurutma,Ortam basıncında kurutma

A review on silica aerogels for CO2 capture applications

Abstract

In recent years, greenhouse gases known as, CH4, N2O, O3, CFC and especially CO2 are released into the atmosphere through activities such as combustion, industrial emission or anaerobic decomposition and they cause an increase in surface temperature and global climate changes due to their high heat absorption capacities. Both political and scientific studies gained momentum as the countries of the world set the priority for the reduction of CO2 emissions. Developing methods for reducing global carbon emissions; are known as carbon capture and storage are known as (CCS) technologies. They are mainly classified as pre-combustion, post- combustion and oxyfuel combustion processes. Adsorption, physical and/or chemical absorption, membrane and cryogenic process can be considered as the most common CCS technologies. Porous solid sorbents can be also used for the physical adsorption of carbon dioxide from flue gases, as well. However, these processes are also known to have weaknesses in terms of both selectivity and cyclic operation. More recently, modification of mesaporous materials with amine groups have been shown to be efficient solid adsorbents for CO2 capture. With this review, current scientific studies on the recent advances in carbon sorption applications of silica aerogels has been investigated. The review consists of three main sections: preparation and modification of silica aerogels, literature studies on CO2 sorption performances and future perspectives. As a result, it has been concluded that amine-modified silica aerogels are promising materials for the carbon capture for the post combustion processes with their superior properties.

Keywords

• Silica aerogel,CO2 capture,Adsorption,Supercritical drying,Ambient pressure drying

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