Arsenate removal from groundwater by air-injected EC with al ball anodes: effects of operational parameters

Abstract

Treatment of arsenate from groundwater by electrocoagulation (EC) reactor with air supply unit using Al ball electrodes were studied in this paper. Influence of some operating variables, for instance, applied current (0.075-0.3 A), initial pH (5.5-8.5), air flow rate (0-6 L/min), size of Al ball electrodes (5-10 mm), and height of electrode in EC reactor (2-8 cm) on the As(V) removal efficiency were evaluated. The As (V) removal efficiency increased with the increment of applied current, air flow, electrode altitude in EC reactor, and EC time while its removal efficiency decreased with the increment of size of Al ball electrodes. The maximum As(V) removal percentage, minimum operating cost and energy consumption were found as 98.68 %, 0.609 $/m3 and 3.7694 kWh/m3 at pH of 7.5, current density of 0.30 A, size of Al balls of 7.5 mm, height of electrode in EC of 5 c m, and air flow rate of 6 L/min, respectively.

Keywords

• Air-injected EC reactor,Al ball electrodes,As(V)

Hava akışlı elektrokoagülasyon reaktörü ile yeraltı sularından arsenik (V) giderimine işletme parametrelerinin etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışmada hava akışlı elektrokoagülasyon (HA-EK) reaktörü kullanılarak yeraltı sularından arsenik (V) giderimi çalışılmıştır. Arsenik (V) giderimi üzerine, uygulana akım (0.075-0.3 A), başlangıç pH’sı (5.5-8.5), hava akış debisi (0-6 L/dk.), Al bilye elektrot boyutu (5-10 mm) ve EK reaktöründe elektrot yüksekliği (2-8 cm) gibi işletme parametrelerinin etkisi incelenmiştir. Arsenik giderimi veriminde artan akım yoğunluğu, hava debisi ve elektrot yüksekliği ile birlikte ciddi bir artış gözlenmiştir. Ancak, arsenik giderim verimi artan Al bilye boyutu ile birlikte azalmıştır. Optimum şartlarda (pH:7.5 akım yoğunluğu: 0.3 A, Al bilye boyutu: 7.5 mm, elektrot yüksekliği: 5 cm, hava akış debisi: 6 L/dk.) en yüksek arsenik giderim verimi %98.68, en düşük işletme maliyeti 0.609 $/m3 ve en düşük enerji tüketimi 3.7694 kWh/m3 olarak hesaplanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• HA-EK reaktörü,Al bilye elektrotlar,As(V)

References

1. Smedley PL, Kinniburgh DG. “A review of the source, behavior and distribution of arsenic in natural waters”. Applied Geochemistry, 17(5), 517-568, 2002.
2. Mukherjee A, Sengupta MK, Hossain MA, Ahamed S, Das B, Nayak B, Lodh D, Rahman MM, Chakraborti D. “Arsenic contamination in groundwater: a global perspective with emphasis on the Asian scenario”. Journal of Health, Population Nutrition, 24(2), 142-163, 2006.
3. Barringer JL, Szabo Z, Wilson TP, Bonin JL, Kratzer T, Cenno K, Romagna T, Alebus M, Hirst B. “Distribution and seasonal dynamics of arsenic in a shallow lake in north western New Jersey, USA”. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 33(1), 1-22, 2011.
4. Gunduz O, Bakar C, Simsek C, Baba A, Elci A, Gurleyuk H, Mutlu M, Cakir A. “Statistical analysis of causes of death (2005-2010) in villages of Simav Plain, Turkey, with high arsenic levels in drinking water supplies”. Archives of Environmental and Occupational Health, 70(1), 35-46, 2015.
5. Colak M, Gemici U, Tarcan G. “The effects of colemanite deposits on the arsenic concentrations of soil and groundwater in Igdeköy-Emet, Kütahya, Turkey”. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 149(3), 127-143, 2003.
6. Gemici U, Tarcan G, Helvacı C, Somay AM. “High arsenic and boron concentrations in groundwaters related to mining activity in the Bigadiç borate deposits (Western Turkey)”. Applied Geochemistry, 23(8), 2462-2476, 2008.
7. Altaş L, Işik M, Kavurmaci M. “Determination of arsenic levels in the water resources of Aksaray Province, Turkey”. Journal of Environment Management,92(9), 2182-2192, 2011.
8. Aksoy N, Şimşek C, Gunduz O.”Groundwater contamination mechanism in a geothermal field: A case study of Balcova, Turkey”. Journal of Contamination Hydrology, 103(1-2), 13-28, 2009.

9. Karakaya N, Karakaya MÇ, Nalbantçılar MT, Yavuz F. “Relation between spring-water chemistry and hydrothermal alteration in the Saplıca volcanic rocks, Sebinkarahisar (Giresun, Turkey)”. Journal of Geochem. Exploriation, 93(1), 35-46, 2007.
10. Simsek C. “Assessment of naturally occurring arsenic contamination in the groundwater of Sarkisla plain (Sivas-Turkey)”. Environmental Earth Sciences, 68(4), 691-702, 2013.
11. Sharma VK, Sohn M. “Aquatic arsenic: toxicity, speciation, transformations, and remediation”. Environmental International, 35(4), 743-759, 2009.
12. Choong TSY, Chuah TG, Robiah Y, Koay FLG, Azni I. “Arsenic toxicity, health hazards and removal techniques from water: an overview”. Desalination, 217(1-3), 139-166, 2007.
13. WHO (World Health Organisation). “Arsenic in Drinking-water”. World Health Organization, Switzerland-Geneva, (Fact Sheet No. 210), 2001.
14. USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), Implementation Guidance for the Arsenic Rule, Environmental Protection Agency, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C, 2002, pp. 6976-7066 (EPA-816-K-02-018).
15. Sigdel A, Park J, Kwak H, Park PK. “Arsenic removal from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto hydrous iron oxide-impregnated alginate beads”. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 35, 277-286, 2016.
16. Zhao Y, Qiu W. “Arsenic oxidation and removal from flue gas using H2O2/Na2S2O8 solution”. Fuel Processing Technology, 167, 355-362, 2017.
17. Lee CG, Alvarez PJJ, Nam A, Park SJ, Do T, Choi US, Sang- Lee H. “Arsenic(V) removal using an amine-doped acrylic ion exchange fiber: Kinetic, equilibrium, and regeneration studies”. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 325, 223-229, 2017.
18. Abejón A, Garea A, Irabien A. “Arsenic removal from drinking water by reverse osmosis: Minimization of costs and energy consumption”. Separation and Purification Technology, 144, 46-53, 2015.
19. Katsoyiannis IA, Zouboulis AI. “Application of biological processes for the removal of arsenic from groundwaters”. Water Research, 38(1), 17-26, 2004.
20. Lacasa E, Canizares P, Saez C, Fernandez FJ, Rodrigo MA. “Removal of arsenic by iron and aluminium electrochemically assisted coagulation”. Separation and Purification Technology, 79(1), 15-19, 2011.
21. Kobya M, Demirbaş E, Cana OT, Bayramoğlu M. “Treatment of levafix orange textile dye solution by electrocoagulation”. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 132(2-3), 183-188, 2006.
22. Lakshmanan D, Clifford DA, Samanta G. “Comparative study of arsenic removal by iron using electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation”. Water Research, 44(19), 5641-5652, 2010.
23. Kumar PR, Chaudhari S, Khilar KC, Mahajan SP. “Removal of arsenic from water by electrocoagulation”. Chemosphere, 55(9), 1245-52, 2004.
24. Gomes JAG, Daida P, Kesmez M, WeirM, Moreno H, Parga JR, Irwin G, McWhinney H, Grady T, Peterson E, Cocke DL. “Arsenic removal by electrocoagulation using combined Al-Fe electrode system and characterization of products”. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 139(2), 220-231, 2007.
25. Sık E, Kobya M, Demirbas E, Oncel MS, Goren AY. “Removal of As (V) from groundwater by a new electrocoagulation reactor using Fe ball anodes: Optimization of operating parameters”. Desalination and Water Treatment, 56(5), 1177-1190, 2015.
26. Kobya M, Ozyonar F, Demirbas E, Sik E, Oncel MS. “Arsenic removal from groundwater of Sivas-Şarkişla Plain, Turkey by electrocoagulation process: comparing with iron plate and ball electrodes”. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 3(2), 1096-1106, 2015.
27. Thakur LS, Prasenjit M. “Simultaneous arsenic and fluoride removal from synthetic and real groundwater by electrocoagulation process: parametric and cost evaluation”. Journal of Environmental Management, 190, 102-112, 2017.
28. Hansen HK, Nunez P, Raboy D, Schippacasse L, Grandon R. “Electrocoagulation in wastewater containing arsenic: comparing different process designs”. Electrochimica Acta, 52(10), 3464-3470, 2007.
29. Silva J, Mello JWV, Gasparon M, Abrahao WAP, Jong T. “Arsenate adsorption onto aluminium and iron (hydr) oxides as an alternative for water treatment”. IMWA Symposium 2007: Water in Mining Environments, Cagliari, Italy, 27-31 May 2007.
30. Kobya M, Ulu F, Oncel S, Demirbas E. “Removal of arsenic from drinking water by the electrocoagulation using Fe and Al electrodes”. Electrochimica Acta, 56(14), 5060-5070, 2011.
31. Kuokkanen V, Kuokkanen T, Ramo J, Lassi U. “Recent applications of electrocoagulation in treatment of water and wastewater-A review”. Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 3(2), 89-121, 2013.
32. Alcacio R, Nava JL, Carreno G, Elorza E, Martinez F. “Removal of arsenic from deep well by electrocoagulation in a continuous filter press reactor”. Water Sciences Technology: Water Supply, 14(2), 189-195, 2014.
33. Mohora E, Roncevic S, Dalmacija B, Agbaba J, Watson M, Karlovic E, Dalmacija M. “Removal of natural organic matter and arsenic from water by electrocoagulation/flotation continuous flow reactor”. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 235-236, 257-264, 2012.
34. Demirbas E, Kobya M, Oncel MS, Sık E, Goren AY. “Arsenite removal from groundwater in a batch electrocoagulation process: Optimization through response surface methodology”. Separation Science and Technology, 53, 1-11, 2018.