Research Article

Estimating the difficulty of Tartarus instances

Volume: 27 Number: 2 April 4, 2021
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Estimating the difficulty of Tartarus instances

Abstract

Tartarus is a commonly used benchmark problem for genetic programming. However, it has never been fully explored for its difficulty tuning property. Using the data from a previous study in which we have executed millions of Tartarus instances, we contribute to the literature with an equation to estimate their difficulty. Our approach uses four metrics that are embedded into the equation. These metrics are related to the number of clusters and clusters sizes, the distances of boxes to the edges of the board grid, the number of boxes around the agent, and the minimum number of actions for the agent to reach the largest cluster. The coefficients of these metrics have been fit to the data using the general linear model and a mean residual error of ~0.1 has been achieved. This is the first study that can estimate the difficulty of a Tartarus board without modifying the problem in any way.

Keywords

References

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  2. [2] Griffiths TD, Ekárt A. Improving the Tartarus Problem as a Benchmark in Genetic Programming. Editors: McDermott J, Castelli M, Sekanina L, Haasdijk E, García-Sánchez P. Genetic Programming, 278-293, Cham, Springer, 2017.
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  4. [4] McDermott J, White DR, Luke S, Manzoni L, Castelli M, Vanneschi L, Jaskowski W, Krawiec K, Harper R, De Jong KA, O'Reilly UM. “Genetic programming needs better benchmarks”. GECCO '12: Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, Philadelphia, USA, 07-11 July 2012.
  5. [5] Oğuz K. “True scores for Tartarus with adaptive GAs that evolve FSMs on GPU”. Information Sciences, 525, 1-15, 2020.
  6. [6] Dick G. “A true finite-state baseline for Tartarus”. GECCO '13: Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 6-10 July 2013.
  7. [7] Ashlock D, Freeman J. “A pure finite state baseline for Tartarus”. Proceedings of the 2000 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, La Jolla, CA, USA, 16-19 July 2000.
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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Engineering

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Kaya Oğuz
Türkiye

Publication Date

April 4, 2021

Submission Date

March 24, 2020

Acceptance Date

-

Published in Issue

Year 2021 Volume: 27 Number: 2

APA
Oğuz, K. (2021). Estimating the difficulty of Tartarus instances. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 27(2), 114-121. https://izlik.org/JA66RU72YC
AMA
1.Oğuz K. Estimating the difficulty of Tartarus instances. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021;27(2):114-121. https://izlik.org/JA66RU72YC
Chicago
Oğuz, Kaya. 2021. “Estimating the Difficulty of Tartarus Instances”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 27 (2): 114-21. https://izlik.org/JA66RU72YC.
EndNote
Oğuz K (April 1, 2021) Estimating the difficulty of Tartarus instances. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 27 2 114–121.
IEEE
[1]K. Oğuz, “Estimating the difficulty of Tartarus instances”, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 114–121, Apr. 2021, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA66RU72YC
ISNAD
Oğuz, Kaya. “Estimating the Difficulty of Tartarus Instances”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 27/2 (April 1, 2021): 114-121. https://izlik.org/JA66RU72YC.
JAMA
1.Oğuz K. Estimating the difficulty of Tartarus instances. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021;27:114–121.
MLA
Oğuz, Kaya. “Estimating the Difficulty of Tartarus Instances”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 27, no. 2, Apr. 2021, pp. 114-21, https://izlik.org/JA66RU72YC.
Vancouver
1.Kaya Oğuz. Estimating the difficulty of Tartarus instances. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi [Internet]. 2021 Apr. 1;27(2):114-21. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA66RU72YC